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GST Primary GST Primary Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Im... Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Improvement - Diabetes Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibio... Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-b... Systematic review assessing the effect of ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibiotics Management Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-based Practice Center, 117 Encina Commons, Stanford, CA 94305-6019, Kathy.mcdonald@stanford.edu Systematic review assessing the effect of quality improvement strategies on appropriate prescribing of antibiotics and appropriate choice of antibiotics. Adherence Adherence Assistive Devices Assistive Devices Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan CLSA_9 CLSA_9 Cyberabuse Cyberabuse Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent ... This review included randomized trials abo... Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent Men who Batter Their Partners This review included randomized trials about the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on domestic violence. The intervention included programs based on the Duluth Model. The violence had to be committed by a male toward his female partner. The violence also had to be physical. The primary outcomes were new arrests and convictions, and new reports of violence. CABG vs PCI CABG vs PCI Quality Improvement Strategies for Prevent... Quality Improvement Strategies for Preventing Nosocomial Infections (Created 17-Feb-06) Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma Control Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce S... This review was the first part of a projec... Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the first part of a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of smoking cessation interventions on reducing socio-economic differences. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio... This review was the second part in a proje... Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the second part in a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of interventions on reducing socio-economic differences in diet and physical activity. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the d... Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the data in the published report. We used SRS only for an updated search. The review included randomized trials about the effect of welfare-to-work programs. Participants were welfare recipients. There were basically two types of programs. The educational type tried to build knowledge and skills in order to help the welfare recipients acquire jobs that could support them economically. The "work first" approach was more aimed at getting the participants quickly into a job. Exercise interventions for the management ... The objective of this systematic review wa... Exercise interventions for the management of frailty The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of current exercise interventions on the management of frailty. A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Psycinfo, Cinahl, Scopus, Ageline, Eric, and SportDiscus databases was conducted and produced 1808 citations. So far we have completed 2 levels of “title and abstract” screening and we ended up with 262 articles. We have just started the full text screening. Eligibility criteria included original studies whose participants were identified as frail or prefrail with specific criteria and in which structured physical activity was included as at least one component of the intervention. Create a free account, build a dictionary with saved terms to re-use later! Public Domestic Violence - Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Workfare Exercise Interventions for the Management of Frailty Search     Simple Advanced Refine (3 coded questions)  Any of these:   Exact Phrase: All of these: None of these: Author: Periodical: Projects: No restrictions   Libraries: Public   Select SRS Projects Show Saved Terms Select Library Show articles that do not have abstracts  Type of Article Clinical Trial Editorial Letter Meta-Analysis Practice Guideline Randomized Controlled Trial Review Addresses Bibliography Biography Case Reports Classical Article Clinical Conference Clinical Trial, Phase I Clinical Trial, Phase II Clinical Trial, Phase III Clinical Trial, Phase IV Comment Comparative Study Consensus Development Conference Consensus Development Conference, NIH Controlled Clinical Trial Corrected and Republished Article Dictionary Directory Duplicate Publication English Abstract Evaluation Studies Festschrift Government Publications Guideline Historical Article Interview In Vitro Journal Article Lectures Legal Cases Legislation Multicenter Study News Newspaper Article Overall Patient Education Handout Periodical Index Published Erratum Retracted Publication Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 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Retraction of Publication Scientific Integrity Review Support of Research Technical Report Twin Study Validation Studies Not a Primary Study or Review Unknown Primary Study Case Series Case Control Cohort Study Observational Study Qualitative Research CBA or ITS Registry Double Blind Controlled before after study Quasi-randomized trial Simple before after study Cluster-RCT Non-Randomized Study Report Book Book chapter Dissertation Conference procedings Secondary Research Not RCT Humans or Animals Humans Animals Ages All Infant: birth-23 months All Child: 0-18 years All Adult: 19+ years Newborn: birth-1 month Infant: 1-23 months Preschool Child: 2-5 years Child: 6-12 years Adolescent: 13-18 years Adult: 19-44 years Middle Aged: 45-64 years Middle Aged + Aged: 45+ years Aged: 65+ years 80 and over: 80+ years Undetermined Results(1-12 of 12) Sort By: Publication Date Relevance Took: 0.083 seconds to search 17,750,454  Action: Copy Results to new Clipboard Build Search Link Page 1 of 1 1 (12 articles found) The complex role of T-cell-based immunity in atherosclerosis. Jun 2008 Pål Aukrust,Kari Otterdal,Arne Yndestad,Wiggo J Sandberg,Camilla Smith,Thor Ueland,Erik Øie,Jan K Damås,Lars Gullestad,Bente Halvorsen Although the pathogenic role of T cells in atherogenesis is well established, the function of the various T-cell subsets is far from clear. Whereas activation of the T-helper type 1 (Th1) subset promotes inflammatory and proatherogenic responses and activation of Th2 cells mediates both proatheroge... ( view more )nic and antiatherogenic effects, the newly discovered regulatory T-cell subset seems to attenuate atherogenesis. However, the dynamics of T-cell response within the plaque are still poorly understood, and both antigen-dependent and antigen-independent stimuli may be involved in the expansion of T cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Nevertheless, the different nature of the various T-cell subsets and their complex role in atherogenesis underscore the need for future research in this field of atheroimmunology. This research is not only of interest for the basic research field, but may also have relevance for clinical cardiology, potentially leading to new targets for therapy in atherosclerotic disorders. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles A potential role of the CXC chemokine GROalpha in atherosclerosis and plaque destabilization: downregulatory effects of statins. May 2008 Unni M Breland,Bente Halvorsen,Johanna Hol,Erik Øie,Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne,Arne Yndestad,Camilla Smith,Kari Otterdal,Ulf Hedin,Torgun Waehre,Wiggo J Sandberg,Stig S Frøland,Guttorm Haraldsen,Lars Gullestad,Jan K Damås,Gøran K Hansson,Pål Aukrust OBJECTIVE: We examined the role of the CXCR2 ligand growth-related oncogene (GRO) alpha in human atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: GROalpha levels were examined by enzyme immunoassay, real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and cDNA microarrays. The in vitro effect of statins on GROalpha was examined in... ( view more ) endothelial cells and THP-1 macrophages. Our main findings were: (1) GROalpha was among the 10 most differentially expressed transcripts comparing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and healthy controls. (2) Both patients with stable (n=41) and particularly those with unstable (n=47) angina had increased plasma levels of GROalpha comparing controls (n=20). (3) We found increased expression of GROalpha within symptomatic carotid plaques, located to macrophages and endothelial cells. (4) GROalpha enhanced the release of matrix metalloproteinases in vascular smooth muscle cells, and increased the binding of acetylated LDL in macrophages. (5) Atorvastatin downregulated GROalpha levels as shown both in vitro in endothelial cells and macrophages and in vivo in PBMCs from CAD patients. (6) The effect on GROalpha in endothelial cells involved increased storage and reduced secretion of GROalpha. CONCLUSIONS: GROalpha could be involved in atherogenesis and plaque destabilization, potentially contributing to inflammation, matrix degradation, and lipid accumulation within the atherosclerotic lesion. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Increased expression of LIGHT/TNFSF14 and its receptors in experimental and clinical heart failure. Apr 2008 Christen Peder Dahl,Lars Gullestad,Børre Fevang,Are M Holm,Linn Landrø,Leif Erik Vinge,Arnt E Fiane,Wiggo J Sandberg,Kari Otterdal,Stig S Frøland,Jan Kristian Damås,Bente Halvorsen,Pål Aukrust,Erik Øie,Arne Yndestad BACKGROUND: Clinical and experimental studies suggest a pathogenic role for inflammation in chronic heart failure (HF). LIGHT is a member of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. AIMS: We sought to investigate a potential pathogenic role of LIGHT i... ( view more )n chronic HF. METHODS: We used various clinical and experimental approaches including studies in post-infarction HF rats and in vitro studies of endothelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). RESULTS: Our main findings were: (i) LIGHT and its receptors (i.e., HVEM and lymphotoxin-beta receptor) were regulated during experimental HF, with strong expression in the infarcted area accompanied by up-regulation of HVEM in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells also in the non-ischaemic part of the left ventricle. (ii) Patients with chronic HF had significantly increased expression of LIGHT on CD3(+) T-cells accompanied by increased expression of HVEM on monocytes and within the failing myocardium. (iii) LIGHT induced interleukin (IL)-6 expression in endothelial cells. In HF patients, but not in healthy controls, such an IL-6-inducing effect was also seen in LIGHT activated PBMC. CONCLUSION: Our findings in both clinical and experimental HF may suggest a role for LIGHT signalling pathways in the progression of chronic HF involving IL-6-related mechanisms. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Raised LIGHT levels in pulmonary arterial hypertension: potential role in thrombus formation. Jan 15, 2008 Kari Otterdal,Arne K Andreassen,Arne Yndestad,Erik Oie,Wiggo J Sandberg,Christen P Dahl,Turid M Pedersen,Thor Ueland,Lars Gullestad,Frank R Brosstad,Pål Aukrust,Jan K Damås RATIONALE: Thrombus formation and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and LIGHT (Lymphotoxin-like Inducible protein that competes with Glycoprotein D for Herpesvirus entry mediator on T lymphocytes) has been shown to promote vascular inflammation.... ( view more ) OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate the role of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligand LIGHT in the pathogenesis of PAH. METHODS: We studied 73 patients with severe PAH and 10 control subjects. LIGHT and pro- and antithrombotic markers were assessed by enzyme immunoassays. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: (1) Patients with idiopathic PAH (n = 21), patients with PAH related to risk factors or associated conditions (n = 31), and those with chronic thromboembolic PAH (n = 21) all had raised serum levels of LIGHT compared with control subjects (n = 10). (2) LIGHT levels in femoral artery were significantly related to mortality in the patients with PAH. (3) Immunostaining of LIGHT and its receptors was seen in alveolar macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells in lungs from patients with PAH. (4) Thirteen patients received prostacyclin infusion (3 mo), and all showed hemodynamic improvement, accompanied by decreased LIGHT levels. (5) Prostacyclin abolished the release of LIGHT from activated platelets in vitro, suggesting that the decrease in LIGHT during prostacyclin therapy could involve direct effects on platelets. (6) LIGHT increased tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and decreased thrombomodulin levels in endothelial cells, inducing a prothrombotic state in these cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest prothrombotic effects of LIGHT in PAH involving endothelium-related mechanisms, potentially contributing to the progression of this disorder. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Enhanced expression of the homeostatic chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 in clinical and experimental atherosclerosis: possible pathogenic role in plaque destabilization. Mar 2007 Jan K Damås,Camilla Smith,Erik Øie,Børre Fevang,Bente Halvorsen,Torgun Waehre,Agnes Boullier,Unni Breland,Arne Yndestad,Olga Ovchinnikova,Anna-Karin L Robertson,Wiggo J Sandberg,John Kjekshus,Kjetil Taskén,Stig S Frøland,Lars Gullestad,Göran K Hansson,Oswald Quehenberger,Pål Aukrust OBJECTIVE: Based on their role in T-cell homing into nonlymphoid tissue, we examined the role of the homeostatic chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 and their common receptor CCR7 in coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed studies in patients with stable (n=40) and unstable (n=40) a... ( view more )ngina and healthy controls (n=20), in vitro studies in T-cells and macrophages, and studies in apolipoprotein-E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice and human atherosclerotic carotid plaques. We found increased levels of CCL19 and CCL21 within the atherosclerotic lesions of the ApoE-/- mice, in human atherosclerotic carotid plaques, and in plasma of CAD patients. Whereas strong CCR7 expression was seen in T-cells from murine and human atherosclerotic plaques, circulating T-cells from angina patients showed decreased CCR7 expression. CCL19 and CCL21 promoted an inflammatory phenotype in T-cells and macrophages and increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue factor levels in the latter cell type. Although aggressive statin therapy increased CCR7 and decreased CCL19/CCL21 levels in peripheral blood from CAD patients, conventional therapy did not. CONCLUSIONS: The abnormal regulation of CCL19 and CCL21 and their common receptor in atherosclerosis could contribute to disease progression by recruiting T-cells and macrophages to the atherosclerotic lesions and by promoting inflammatory responses in these cells. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Increased levels of neutrophil-activating peptide-2 in acute coronary syndromes: possible role of platelet-mediated vascular inflammation. Oct 17, 2006 Camilla Smith,Jan K Damås,Kari Otterdal,Erik Øie,Wiggo J Sandberg,Arne Yndestad,Torgun Waehre,Hanne Scholz,Knut Endresen,Peder S Olofsson,Bente Halvorsen,Lars Gullestad,Stig S Frøland,Gøran K Hansson,Pål Aukrust OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate the role of the CXC chemokine neutrophil-activating peptide-2 (NAP-2) in atherogenesis and plaque destabilization. BACKGROUND: Chemokines are involved in atherogenesis, but the role of NAP-2 in atherosclerotic disorders is unclear. Based on its potential pro-ath... ( view more )erogenic properties, we hypothesized a pathogenic role for NAP-2 in coronary artery disease. METHODS: We tested this hypothesis by differential experimental approaches including studies in patients with stable (n = 40) and unstable angina (n = 40) and healthy control subjects (n = 20). RESULTS: The following results were discovered: 1) patients with stable, and particularly those with unstable, angina had markedly raised plasma levels of NAP-2 compared with control subjects, accompanied by increased expression of CXC receptor 2 in monocytes; 2) platelets, but also peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), released large amounts of NAP-2 upon stimulation, with a particularly prominent PBMC response in unstable angina; 3) NAP-2 protein was detected in macrophages and smooth muscle cells of atherosclerotic plaques and in monocytes and platelets of coronary thrombi; 4) in vitro, recombinant and platelet-derived NAP-2 increased the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines in endothelial cells; and 5) whereas aspirin reduced plasma levels of NAP-2, statin therapy increased NAP-2 with stimulating effects both on platelets and leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that NAP-2 has the potential to induce inflammatory responses within the atherosclerotic plaque. By its ability to promote leukocyte and endothelial cell activation, such a NAP-2-driven inflammation could promote plaque rupture and acute coronary syndromes. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Enhanced T-cell expression of RANK ligand in acute coronary syndrome: possible role in plaque destabilization. Apr 2006 Wiggo J Sandberg,Arne Yndestad,Erik Øie,Camilla Smith,Thor Ueland,Olga Ovchinnikova,Anna-Karin L Robertson,Fredrik Müller,Anne G Semb,Hanne Scholz,Arne K Andreassen,Lars Gullestad,Jan Kristian Damås,Stig S Frøland,Göran K Hansson,Bente Halvorsen,Pål Aukrust OBJECTIVE: Based on its role in inflammation and matrix degradation, we hypothesized a role for osteoprotegerin (OPG), RANK, and RANK ligand (RANKL) in coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the expression of various members of the OPG/RANKL/RANK axis in patients with stable and ... ( view more )unstable angina and in the atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. Our findings were: (1) Serum levels of OPG were raised in patients with unstable angina (n=40), but not in those with stable angina (n=40), comparing controls (n=20); (2) mRNA levels of RANKL were increased in T-cells in unstable angina patients accompanied by increased expression of RANK in monocytes; (3) strong immunostaining of OPG/RANKL/RANK was seen within thrombus material obtained at the site of plaque rupture during acute myocardial infarction; (4) OPG/RANKL/RANK was expressed in the atherosclerotic plaques of apoE(-/-) mice, with RANKL located specifically to the plaques; and (5) RANKL enhanced the release of monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 in mononuclear cells from unstable angina patients, and promoted matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS: We show enhanced expression of the OPG/RANKL/RANK system both in clinical and experimental atherosclerosis, with enhanced T-cell expression of RANKL as an important feature of unstable disease. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Chemokines in children with heterozygous familiar hypercholesterolemia: selective upregulation of RANTES. Jan 2006 Kirsten B Holven,Jan K Damås,Arne Yndestad,Torgun Waehre,Thor Ueland,Bente Halvorsen,Lars Heggelund,Wiggo J Sandberg,Anne G Semb,Stig S Frøland,Leiv Ose,Marit S Nenseter,Pål Aukrust OBJECTIVE: Increasing data support the involvement of chemokines in atherogenesis. However, although several studies have shown increased chemokine levels in adult patients, the literature is virtually devoid of data on chemokines in children with hypercholesterolemia. METHODS AND RESULTS: We exami... ( view more )ned the gene expression of chemokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from clinically healthy children with and without heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Our main findings were: (1) compared with healthy controls, PBMCs from FH children showed significantly higher mRNA levels of RANTES, but not of the other examined chemokines; (2) an opposite pattern was seen in adult FH subjects, with markedly enhanced expression of macrophage inflammatory peptide-1alpha, but not of RANTES; (3) this increased gene expression of RANTES in PBMCs from FH children seemed to reflect enhanced RANTES expression in monocytes but not in T cells; (4) FH children also had raised serum levels of neopterin, additionally suggesting monocyte/macrophage activation in these children; and (5) PBMCs from both FH children and controls showed enhanced release of interleukin 8 on RANTES stimulation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support a role of inflammation also in the early stages of atherogenesis possibly involving monocyte-derived RANTES as an important mediator. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Expression of fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor, CX3CR1, is elevated in coronary artery disease and is reduced during statin therapy. Dec 2005 Jan K Damås,Agnes Boullier,Torgun Waehre,Camilla Smith,Wiggo J Sandberg,Simone Green,Pål Aukrust,Oswald Quehenberger OBJECTIVE: Recent data derived primarily from studies in animal models suggest that fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its cognate receptor, CX3CR1, play a role in atherogenesis. We, therefore, hypothesized that enhanced CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expression may promote atherogenesis in patients with coronary artery dise... ( view more )ase (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the plasma levels of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in various CAD populations (30 patients with previous myocardial infarction, 40 patients with stable angina, 40 patients with unstable angina, and a total of 35 controls) and used various experimental approaches to characterize CX3CL1-mediated leukocyte responses. We found that the plasma levels of CX3CL1 are greatly increased in CAD, particularly in unstable disease. The parallel increase of CX3CR1 expression in PBMC was predominantly attributable to an expansion of the (CX3CR1+)(CD3+)(CD8+) T cell subset and was associated with enhanced chemotactic, adhesive, and inflammatory responses to CX3CL1. Statin therapy for 6 months reduced the expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1, reaching statistical significance for both parameters only during aggressive (atorvastatin, 80 mg qd) but not conventional (simvastatin, 20 mg qd) therapy. Consequently, the functional responses of the PBMC to CX3CL1 including migration, adhesion, and secretion of interleukin-8 were attenuated by the treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 dyad may contribute to atherogenesis and plaque destabilization in human CAD. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Enhanced plasma levels of LIGHT in unstable angina: possible pathogenic role in foam cell formation and thrombosis. Oct 4, 2005 Hanne Scholz,Wiggo Sandberg,Jan Kristian Damås,Camilla Smith,Arne K Andreassen,Lars Gullestad,Stig S Frøland,Arne Yndestad,Pål Aukrust,Bente Halvorsen BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have demonstrated the ability of oxidized LDL [(ox)LDL] to promote an inflammatory response in macrophages. Several inflammatory mediators have been reported to increase after oxLDL stimulation of such cells, but their relative importance is still unknown. In the presen... ( view more )t study, we used microarrays to identify genes in THP-1 macrophages that were upregulated by oxLDL. METHODS AND RESULTS: Our main findings were as follows. In a microarray screening experiment, we identified LIGHT, a ligand in the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, as one of the genes that were markedly upregulated in oxLDL-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. We showed significantly raised plasma levels of LIGHT in patients with stable angina (n=40) and particularly in those with unstable angina (n=40) compared with healthy controls (n=20), which underscores the clinical relevance of the in vitro finding. We also showed that LIGHT enhanced lipid accumulation in oxLDL-stimulated THP-1 macrophages, possibly through upregulation of class A scavenger receptor (SR-A). This increased lipid accumulation was accompanied by enhanced expression of tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, as well as enhanced thrombin formation, transforming macrophages into a prothrombotic phenotype. The LIGHT-mediated increase in SR-A, tissue factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was also seen in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Finally, the LIGHT-mediated enhancement of SR-A and TF expression appears to involve nuclear factor-kappaB activation. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that LIGHT could serve as a molecular link between lipid metabolism, inflammation, and thrombus formation, which are all features of atherosclerotic plaques. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Potential role for immunomodulatory therapy in atherosclerotic plaque stabilisation. Oct 2005 Pål Aukrust,Arne Yndestad,Camilla Smith,Wiggo J Sandberg,Thor Ueland,Torgun Waehre,Bente Halvorsen,Lars Gullestad,Jan Kristian Damås Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying acute coronary syndromes has evolved beyond the view that this syndrome reflects a progressive collection of lipids and cellular debris in the vascular wall. Current evidence has implicated a role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of this process. T... ( view more )hus, inflammatory cytokines may attenuate interstitial collagen synthesis, increase matrix degradation and promote apoptosis in several atheroma-associated cell types, and all these cellular events may enhance plaque vulnerability. Recently, a series of experimental studies have reported the plaque-stabilising effects of immunomodulatory therapy such as chemokine blockade, anti-CD40 ligand and IL-10. It is conceivable that some of these approaches will be tested clinically and, if successful, they could provide novel treatment strategies for atherosclerotic plaque stabilisation. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Climate variation and regional gradients in population dynamics of two hole-nesting passerines. Nov 22, 2003 Bernt-Erik Saether,Steinar Engen,Anders Pape Møller,Erik Matthysen,Frank Adriaensen,Wolfgang Fiedler,Agu Leivits,Marcel M Lambrechts,Marcel E Visser,Tycho Anker-Nilssen,Christiaan Both,André A Dhondt,Robin H McCleery,John McMeeking,Jamie Potti,Ole Wiggo Røstad,David Thomson Latitudinal gradients in population dynamics can arise through regional variation in the deterministic components of the population dynamics and the stochastic factors. Here, we demonstrate an increase with latitude in the contribution of a large-scale climate pattern, the North Atlantic Oscillatio... ( view more )n (NAO), to the fluctuations in size of populations of two European hole-nesting passerine species. However, this influence of climate induced different latitudinal gradients in the population dynamics of the two species. In the great tit the proportion of the variability in the population fluctuations explained by the NAO increased with latitude, showing a larger impact of climate on the population fluctuations of this species at higher latitudes. In contrast, no latitudinal gradient was found in the relative contribution of climate to the variability of the pied flycatcher populations because the total environmental stochasticity increased with latitude. This shows that the population ecological consequences of an expected climate change will depend on how climate affects the environmental stochasticity in the population process. In both species, the effects will be larger in those parts of Europe where large changes in climate are expected. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Page 1 of 1 1 (12 articles found)

      
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