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GST Primary GST Primary Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Im... Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Improvement - Diabetes Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibio... Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-b... Systematic review assessing the effect of ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibiotics Management Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-based Practice Center, 117 Encina Commons, Stanford, CA 94305-6019, Kathy.mcdonald@stanford.edu Systematic review assessing the effect of quality improvement strategies on appropriate prescribing of antibiotics and appropriate choice of antibiotics. Adherence Adherence Assistive Devices Assistive Devices Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan CLSA_9 CLSA_9 Cyberabuse Cyberabuse Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent ... This review included randomized trials abo... Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent Men who Batter Their Partners This review included randomized trials about the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on domestic violence. The intervention included programs based on the Duluth Model. The violence had to be committed by a male toward his female partner. The violence also had to be physical. The primary outcomes were new arrests and convictions, and new reports of violence. CABG vs PCI CABG vs PCI Quality Improvement Strategies for Prevent... Quality Improvement Strategies for Preventing Nosocomial Infections (Created 17-Feb-06) Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma Control Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce S... This review was the first part of a projec... Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the first part of a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of smoking cessation interventions on reducing socio-economic differences. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio... This review was the second part in a proje... Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the second part in a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of interventions on reducing socio-economic differences in diet and physical activity. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the d... Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the data in the published report. We used SRS only for an updated search. The review included randomized trials about the effect of welfare-to-work programs. Participants were welfare recipients. There were basically two types of programs. The educational type tried to build knowledge and skills in order to help the welfare recipients acquire jobs that could support them economically. The "work first" approach was more aimed at getting the participants quickly into a job. Exercise interventions for the management ... The objective of this systematic review wa... Exercise interventions for the management of frailty The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of current exercise interventions on the management of frailty. A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Psycinfo, Cinahl, Scopus, Ageline, Eric, and SportDiscus databases was conducted and produced 1808 citations. So far we have completed 2 levels of “title and abstract” screening and we ended up with 262 articles. We have just started the full text screening. Eligibility criteria included original studies whose participants were identified as frail or prefrail with specific criteria and in which structured physical activity was included as at least one component of the intervention. Create a free account, build a dictionary with saved terms to re-use later! Public Domestic Violence - Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Workfare Exercise Interventions for the Management of Frailty Search     Simple Advanced Refine (4 coded questions)  Any of these:   Exact Phrase: All of these: None of these: Author: Periodical: Projects: No restrictions   Libraries: Public   Select SRS Projects Show Saved Terms Select Library Show articles that do not have abstracts  Type of Article Clinical Trial Editorial Letter Meta-Analysis Practice Guideline Randomized Controlled Trial Review Addresses Bibliography Biography Case Reports Classical Article Clinical Conference Clinical Trial, Phase I Clinical Trial, Phase II Clinical Trial, Phase III Clinical Trial, Phase IV Comment Comparative Study Consensus Development Conference Consensus Development Conference, NIH Controlled Clinical Trial Corrected and Republished Article Dictionary Directory Duplicate Publication English Abstract Evaluation Studies Festschrift Government Publications Guideline Historical Article Interview In Vitro Journal Article Lectures Legal Cases Legislation Multicenter Study News Newspaper Article Overall Patient Education Handout Periodical Index Published Erratum Retracted Publication Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 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Retraction of Publication Scientific Integrity Review Support of Research Technical Report Twin Study Validation Studies Not a Primary Study or Review Unknown Primary Study Case Series Case Control Cohort Study Observational Study Qualitative Research CBA or ITS Registry Double Blind Controlled before after study Quasi-randomized trial Simple before after study Cluster-RCT Non-Randomized Study Report Book Book chapter Dissertation Conference procedings Secondary Research Not RCT Language English French German Italian Japanese Russian Spanish Afrikaans Albanian Unknown Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Chinese Croatian Czech Danish Dutch Esperanto Estonian Finnish Georgian Greek, Modern Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Kinyarwanda Korean Latin Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Malay Malayalam Maori Multiple Languages Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Pushto Romanian Sanskrit Scottish gaelic Serbian Slovak Slovenian Swedish Thai Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese Not English Not French Humans or Animals Humans Animals Ages All Infant: birth-23 months All Child: 0-18 years All Adult: 19+ years Newborn: birth-1 month Infant: 1-23 months Preschool Child: 2-5 years Child: 6-12 years Adolescent: 13-18 years Adult: 19-44 years Middle Aged: 45-64 years Middle Aged + Aged: 45+ years Aged: 65+ years 80 and over: 80+ years Undetermined Results(1-25 of 11,505) Sort By: Publication Date Relevance Took: 0.454 seconds to search 17,750,454  Action: Copy Results to new Clipboard Build Search Link Page 1 of 461 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (11505 articles found) The National Health and Medical Research Council Road Map: a strategic framework for improving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health through research. May 5, 2008 Felicia R Fletcher,Cindy Shannon,Terry E Dunbar,Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and Research Advisory Committee What impact has the NHMRC Road Map had on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health? A review process now underway aims to find out. View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [First report of Camallanus corderoi Torres, Teuber and Miranda, 1990 (Nematoda: Camallanidae) in cultured salmonids from Puyehue Lake, Chile] 1993 Jul-Dec P Torres,W Gesche,O Garrido During 1991, in one of three specimens of Oncorhynchus mykiss cultured in Puyehue Lake (40 degrees 36'S, 72 degrees 26'W) was registered for first time the infection by Camallanus corderoi. Comments on the morphological and geographic distribution of the three species of Camallanus described in Sou... ( view more )th America are also given. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Molecular and morphological phylogenetic analysis of Brachiaria and Urochloa (Poaceae). Oct 2005 A M Torres González,C M Morton The taxonomic relationships of Brachiaria and Urochloa have been questioned based on previous morphological studies. In this paper, we reconsider the phylogenetic relationships of these genera using 22 species of Brachiaria and Urochloa and six species of Paniceae as out-groups. The ITS1, 5.8S, and... ( view more ) ITS2 region (internal transcribed spacer) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and eight morphological characters of the inflorescence were compiled into a data matrix. The cladistic analyses suggest that Urochloa-Brachiaria as a complex is paraphyletic with Eriochloa and Melinis. Species of all these genera share molecular synapomorphies and belong to the same monophyletic groups. The results confirm the continuous gradation between those genera previously found in several morphological studies. Therefore, the following eight new combinations are made: Urochloa bovonei (Chiov.) A.M. Torres & C.M. Morton, Urochloa dura (Stapf) A.M. Torres & C.M. Morton, Urochloa dura var. dura (Stapf) A.M. Torres & C.M. Morton, Urochloa dura var. pilosa (J.G. Anderson) A.M. Torres & C.M. Morton, Urochloa lachnantha (Hochst.) A.M. Torres & C.M. Morton, Urochloa leersioides (Hochst.) A.M. Torres & C.M. Morton, Urochloa nigropedata (Munro ex Ficalho & Hiern) A.M. Torres & C.M. Morton, and Urochloa subulifolia (Mez) A.M. Torres & C.M. Morton. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Successive negative contrast effect in instrumental runway behaviour: a study with Roman high- (RHA) and Roman low- (RLA) avoidance rats. Dec 11, 2007 Juan Manuel Rosas,José Enrique Callejas-Aguilera,Maria Dolores Escarabajal,Maria José Gómez,Lourdes de la Torre,Angeles Agüero,Adolf Tobeña,Alberto Fernández-Teruel,Carmen Torres It has been recently shown that Roman high- (RHA) and low- (RLA) avoidance rats show behavioural divergence in successive negative contrast (SNC) induced in one-way avoidance learning [Torres C, Cándido A, Escarabajal MD, de la Torre L, Maldonado A, Tobeña A, et al. Successive negative contrast eff... ( view more )ect in one-way avoidance learning in female roman rats. Physiol Behav 2005;85:377-82]. A 2-experiment study was conducted with the goal of analyzing whether these differences in SNC can also be extended to a different experimental paradigm. Food-deprived RHA and RLA female rats were exposed to a straight alley, recording the latency (DV) between leaving the start box and reaching the food available in the goal box at the end of the alley. To induce the SNC effect the amount of reinforcement received went from 12 pellets in the pre-shift phase to 1 pellet (Experiment 1) or 2 pellets (Experiment 2) in the postshift phase. The SNC effect appeared in both strains in Experiment 1, but only in RLA rats in Experiment 2. These results are discussed within the framework of SNC theories that account for this effect by using emotional mechanisms, as related to the differences in emotional reactivity seen between the RHA and RLA strains in a number of behavioural tests of fear/anxiety. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Acoustic phenomena in porous media studied by transient grating spectroscopy: a critical test of the Biot theory. May 2008 Riccardo Cucini,Andrea Taschin,Paolo Bartolini,Renato Torre The propagation of sound in a porous solid filled by a liquid can be described by a phenomenological model introduced by M. A. Biot, that is still extensively used to predict the essential acoustic properties of a wide variety of porous media. Nevertheless testing of the Biot theory at ultrahyperso... ( view more )nic frequencies and in porous media with nanometric scale heterogeneities remains an open issue. We studied the propagation of acoustic waves in two liquid-filled porous glasses by heterodyne detected transient grating experiments [1]. A test of the Biot theory is presented under two new regimes, namely, for a new frequency range up to 1.3 GHz and for porous media with nanometric scale heterogeneities [2]. We show that the Biot theory describes the sound velocity data correctly, but does not account for the acoustic attenuation. We suggest that the acoustic damping is mainly due to the dissipation mechanisms intrinsic of the matrix and the liquid which are not accounted for in the theory. [1] Time-resolved spectroscopy of complex liquids, edited by Torre R. (Springer, New York) 2008. [2] A. Taschin, R. Cucini, P. Bartolini, R. Torre, Europhys. Lett. In press. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Water confined in Vycor. May 2008 Riccardo Cucini,Andrea Taschin,Paolo Bartolini,Renato Torre We present measurements on water confined in Vycor 7930 by heterodyne-detected transient grating experiments (HD-TG) [1]. We studied the acoustic wave propagation, the thermal diffusion and the liquid viscous flow through the pores as a function of temperature (-15 - 90 degrees C) and of the exchan... ( view more )ged q-vector (0.63 - 2.5 mum(-1)). The data show interesting aspects due partly to the confinement effects and partly to the peculiarities of bulk water. Acoustic results are compared with the predictions of the Biot theory finding a good agreement only for the sound velocity data, while the predictions for the acoustic wave attenuation is poor as just reported in [2]. Our technique is able to induce a thermal grating inside the sample. The analysis of the data requires an extension of the Biot theory, that takes into account the temperature variations. Surprisingly, our data show that the acoustic oscillation are not affected by the temperature. The induced thermal grating is also used to analyze the viscous flow of water inside the pores and the thermal diffusion. [1] Time-resolved spectroscopy of complex liquids, edited by Torre R. (Springer, New York) 2008 [2] A. Taschin, R. Cucini, P. Bartolini, R. Torre, Europhys. Lett., in press. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Fuzzy polynucleotide spaces and metrics. Apr 2006 Juan J Nieto,A Torres,D N Georgiou,T E Karakasidis The study of genetic sequences is of great importance in biology and medicine. Mathematics is playing an important role in the study of genetic sequences and, generally, in bioinformatics. In this paper, we extend the work concerning the Fuzzy Polynucleotide Space (FPS) introduced in Torres, A., Ni... ( view more )eto, J.J., 2003. The fuzzy polynucleotide Space: Basic properties. Bioinformatics 19(5); 587-592 and Nieto, J.J., Torres, A., Vazquez-Trasande, M.M. 2003. A metric space to study differences between polynucleotides. Appl. Math. Lett. 27:1289-1294: by studying distances between nucleotides and some complete genomes using several metrics. We also present new results concerning the notions of similarity, difference and equality between polynucleotides. The results are encouraging since they demonstrate how the notions of distance and similarity between polynucleotides in the FPS can be employed in the analysis of genetic material. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Transmucosal macromolecular drug delivery. Jan 3, 2005 C Prego,M García,D Torres,M J Alonso Mucosal surfaces are the most common and convenient routes for delivering drugs to the body. However, macromolecular drugs such as peptides and proteins are unable to overcome the mucosal barriers and/or are degraded before reaching the blood stream. Among the approaches explored so far in order to... ( view more ) optimize the transport of these macromolecules across mucosal barriers, the use of nanoparticulate carriers represents a challenging but promising strategy. The present paper aims to compare the characteristics and potential of nanostructures based on the mucoadhesive polysaccharide chitosan (CS). These are CS nanoparticles, CS-coated oil nanodroplets (nanocapsules) and CS-coated lipid nanoparticles. The characteristics and behavior of CS nanoparticles and CS-coated lipid nanoparticles already reported [A. Vila, A. Sanchez, M. Tobio, P. Calvo, M.J. Alonso, Design of biodegradable particles for protein delivery, J. Control. Rel. 78 (2002) 15-24; R. Fernandez-Urrusuno, P. Calvo, C. Remunan-Lopez, J.L. Vila-Jato, M.J. Alonso, Enhancement of nasal absorption of insulin using chitosan nanoparticles, Pharm. Res. 16 (1999) 1576-1581; M. Garcia-Fuentes, D. Torres, M.J. Alonso, New surface-modified lipid nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for salmon calcitonin (submitted for publication).] are compared with those of CS nanocapsules originally reported here. The three types of systems have a size in the nanometer range and a positive zeta potential that was attributed to the presence of CS on their surface. They showed an important capacity for the association of peptides such as insulin, salmon calcitonin and proteins, such as tetanus toxoid. Their mechanism of interaction with epithelia was investigated using the Caco-2 model cell line. The results showed that CS-coated systems caused a concentration-dependent reduction in the transepithelial resistance of the cell monolayer. Moreover, within the range of concentrations investigated, these systems were internalized in the monolayer in a concentration-dependent manner. This uptake was slightly enhanced by the presence of the CS coating but, as compared with previously published results [M. Garcia-Fuentes, C. Prego, D. Torres, M.J. Alonso, Triglyceride-chitosan nanostructures for oral calcitonin delivery: evaluation in the Caco-2 cell model and in vivo (submitted for publication)], highly dependent on the nature of the lipid core. Nevertheless, these differences in the uptake of the CS-coated systems (solid lipid core or oily core) by the Caco-2 cells did not have a consequence in the in vivo behaviour. Indeed, both CS-coated systems (nanocapsules and CS-coated nanoparticles) showed an important capacity to enhance the intestinal absorption of the model peptide, salmon calcitonin, as shown by the important and long-lasting decrease in the calcemia levels observed in rats. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Simultaneous measurement of nitric oxide production by conducting and alveolar airways of humans. Oct 1999 A P Pietropaoli,I B Perillo,A Torres,P T Perkins,L M Frasier,M J Utell,M W Frampton,R W Hyde Human airways produce nitric oxide (NO), and exhaled NO increases as expiratory flow rates fall. We show that mixing during exhalation between the NO produced by the lower, alveolar airways (VL(NO)) and the upper conducting airways (VU(NO)) explains this phenomenon and permits measurement of VL(NO)... ( view more ), VU(NO), and the NO diffusing capacity of the conducting airways (DU(NO)). After breath holding for 10-15 s the partial pressure of alveolar NO (PA) becomes constant, and during a subsequent exhalation at a constant expiratory flow rate the alveoli will deliver a stable amount of NO to the conducting airways. The conducting airways secrete NO into the lumen (VU(NO)), which mixes with PA during exhalation, resulting in the observed expiratory concentration of NO (PE). At fast exhalations, PA makes a large contribution to PE, and, at slow exhalations, NO from the conducting airways predominates. Simple equations describing this mixing, combined with measurements of PE at several different expiratory flow rates, permit calculation of PA, VU(NO), and DU(NO). VL(NO) is the product of PA and the alveolar airway diffusion capacity for NO. In seven normal subjects, PA = 1.6 +/- 0.7 x 10(-6) (SD) Torr, VL(NO) = 0.19 +/- 0.07 microl/min, VU(NO) = 0.08 +/- 0.05 microl/min, and DU(NO) = 0.4 +/- 0.4 ml. min(-1). Torr(-1). These quantitative measurements of VL(NO) and VU(NO) are suitable for exploring alterations in NO production at these sites by diseases and physiological stresses. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [Peritoneal tuberculosis: evaluation of the response to treatment by analysing the CA 125 levels] Aug 1998 C Jiménez Pérez,J M Torres León,M Martínez Alonso,R González Arias,F Benito Sánchez,S de la Torre Gutiérrez,J Torres Salcines,J M Montero Vázquez A case of a 32 years old woman with fever and exudative ascites is described. Tuberculous peritonitis was confirmed by abdominal laparoscopy, peritoneal biopsy and Lowënstein culture. A serum CA 125 level was 861 U/ml before therapy. The CA 125 level decreased a 30% after three weeks of antitubercu... ( view more )lous treatment. This tumor marker may be used to follow disease activity in tuberculous ascites. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [Role of free radicals, telomeres, and telomerases in aging and cancerogenesis] May 1997 F La Torre,A M Silipigni,A Orlando,I La Torre,M Aragona,C La Torre After a rapid examination of a few basic concepts concerning cellular aging and programmed cell death, the aging of the tissues and organs, the authors discuss the principal theories on senescence. They underline that it is necessary to agree in considering the various genetic and epigenetic, endog... ( view more )enous and exogenous mechanisms that lead to the complex aging phenomenon multiple and interrelated. In particular they stress the hypothesis that senescence can be due to a sum of molecular damages caused by free radicals, and to the loss of telomeric DNA. Radical reactions can cause mutations, inactivation or a decrease in the turnover of mitochondrial DNA which is more vulnerable than the nuclear genoma to the attack of mutagenic agents, acting also as a continuous source of initial and/or promoting factors of the carcinogenetic process. The somatic cells become senescent because during cell division, they lose the mechanisms for the lengthening of the telomere. The telomerase prevents the shortening of telomeres in neoplastic cells and therefore renders them immortal. Paradoxically the protection of the telomere is exactly what must be avoided in the case of tumor cells. Recently the demonstration that telomerase is not always involved in the restoration of telomere length shows the complexity of the problems connected to the cause of senescence. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Regional diaphragmatic length and EMG activity during inspiratory pressure support and CPAP in awake sheep. Feb 1993 A Torres,R M Kacmarek,W R Kimball,J Qvist,K Stanek,R Whyte,W M Zapol We examined diaphragmatic mechanics in awake sheep during quiet breathing (QB) and the randomized application of 5, 10, and 15 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), inspiratory pressure support (IPS), and equal combinations of IPS and CPAP (IPS/CPAP). We measured esophageal, gastric, an... ( view more )d transdiaphragmatic (Pdi) pressures and regional length, shortening, and electromyogram (EMG) activity of both costal and crural diaphragmatic segments. Segmental resting length normalized to QB decreased during 15 cmH2O CPAP (costal, 19.2 +/- 3.3%; crural, 7.5 +/- 2.1%; P < 0.05) and during 15/15 cmH2O IPS/CPAP (costal 25.3 +/- 4.8%, crural 9.9 +/- 2.6%; P < 0.05). Only during 15 cmH2O IPS did costal shortening fraction increase (67% QB; P < 0.05). Compared with QB, during 15 cmH2O CPAP, end-tidal CO2 increased 6 Torr, regional EMG activity increased threefold, and Pdi increased 58%. During 15 cmH2O IPS these values decreased 3 Torr, threefold, and 44% respectively, but during IPS/CPAP they remained unchanged. Expiratory gastric pressure (Exp-Pga) reached 4.3 +/- 0.4 cmH2O at 15 cmH2O CPAP, but during IPS/CPAP Exp-Pga was less (maximum of 1.7 +/- 0.4 cmH2O) than at comparable CPAP (P < 0.05), despite the shorter diaphragmatic length. We conclude that: 1) IPS alters the actions of the diaphragm during CPAP, 2) Exp-Pga is poorly coupled to diaphragmatic end-expiratory length, and 3) both IPS and the release of Exp-Pga assist active diaphragmatic shortening. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Control analysis of rat liver glycolysis under different glucose concentrations. The substrate approach and the role of glucokinase. Sep 22, 1992 E Meléndez-Hevia,F Mateo,N V Torres Control Analysis has been carried out in the first steps of a rat liver glycolytic system. Attention has been focused on the effect of several glucose concentrations on the control, particularly regarding the role of glucokinase. From kinetic studies of the whole metabolic system we have obtained i... ( view more )nformation on the flux variation under different glucose concentrations. This information together with the kinetics of glucokinase has allowed us to calculate Flux Control and Elasticity Coefficients for glucokinase and the Response Coefficient of the system with respect to glucose. The changes in of the value of Flux Control Coefficients demonstrates that in conditions of low glucose concentration, glucokinase is the main enzyme in controlling the flux through the pathway, but at high glucose concentration the control moves to phosphofructokinase. Next, we have compared our results with those obtained with the shortening and titration method, previously described (Torres, N.V., Mateo, F., Meléndez-Hevia, E. and Kacser, H., (1986) Biochem. J. 234, 169-174; Torres, N.V. and Meléndez-Hevia, E. 1991. Molec. Cell. Biochem. 101, 1-10). Furthermore, from knowledge of the enzyme kinetics of the system we have been able to build a model of the pathway that allows us computer similation of its behavior and calculation of the Flux Control Coefficient profile at different glucose concentrations. By the three methods the results correlate, supporting the use of the pathway substrate as external modulator of the metabolic system as a tool for practical application of Control Analysis. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [Evaluation of hepatic encephalopathy using computerized electroencephalography] Aug 1989 S De la Torre Gutiérrez,M García de León Alvarez,G Bello Mimbrera,J Montero Alvarez,L González Sanz,J Torres Salcines,J M De la Torre Fernández Spectral EEG analysis techniques were used to evaluate the degree of hepatic encephalopathy in a group of 69 cirrhotic patients, as compared to the results obtained in a group of healthy controls. With respect to controls, the cirrhotics had stronger delta and theta bands, and a weaker alpha band, ... ( view more )as well as a reaction of the alpha band to opening the eyes. The use of strength ratios between different bands of frequency increments the sensitivity and diagnostic reliability of this technique, particularly the delta/alpha and theta/alpha indices, and permits the detection of cases with subclinical encephalopathy, which is particularly useful for clinical follow-up and for the evaluation of different therapeutic regimens. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Antigenic characterization of swine rotaviruses in Argentina. Apr 1989 N M Mattion,R C Bellinzoni,J O Blackhall,J L La Torre,E A Scodeller Fecal samples from 156 diarrheic piglets were collected from several herds located in two main breeding areas of Argentina. Rotaviruses were detected in 60 samples (38.4%) by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in 55 samples by a group A-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All sa... ( view more )mples which were positive by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and negative by ELISA had elicited atypical electropherotypes resembling those of group B or C. ELISA-positive samples showing genome rearrangements were also detected (R.C. Bellinzoni, N.M. Mattion, O.R. Burrone, S.A. González, J.L. La Torre, and E.A. Scodeller, J. Clin. Microbiol. 25:952-954, 1987; N.M. Mattion, S.A. González, O.R. Burrone, R.C. Bellinzoni, J.L. La Torre, and E.A. Scodeller, J. Gen. Virol. 69:695-698, 1988). By subgrouping with monoclonal antibodies, it was found that of 32 positive samples, 13 belonged to subgroup I, 2 belonged to subgroup II, 2 samples had both specificities, and 15 samples were neither subgroup I nor subgroup II (non-I/II). In addition, 10 samples were adapted to grow in tissue culture, cloned, and serotyped by means of neutralization assays. Two samples were classified as serotype 5, and none of them were classified as serotype 4. The other strains showed only a one-way relationship with serotype 5 and can be tentatively classified as new porcine serotypes. Two samples with rearranged genomes had a one-way relationship with antiserum to human strain 69M, which displays a supershort electropherotype and was classified as a new human serotype (S. Matsuno, A. Hasegawa, A. Mukoyama, and S. Inouye, J. Virol. 54:623-624, 1985). At one farm, similar rearranged strains were detected during three successive years. Serotype changes were found between the isolates of the first and the second year, suggesting that a high degree of antigenic variability went on during continuous circulation of these strains in the field. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of flumazenil in hepatic encephalopathy using cerebral cartography] Mar 1989 G Bello Mimbrera,M García de León,S de la Torre Gutiérrez,J Montero Vázquez,J Torres Salcines,J M de la Torre Fernández We investigated the therapeutic effect of flumanezil on acute and chronic hepatic encephalopathy in a group of cirrhotics; its efficacy was evaluated using clinical data and neurophysiologic examination, e.g. brain mapping. Flumazenil was not found to induce significant changes in the clinical stat... ( view more )us or in maps of the cerebral activity of patients with chronic encephalopathy. In acute encephalopathy, flumazenil improved clinical status, as was confirmed neurophysiologically by improved cerebral activity on brain mapping. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Coevolution of cells and viruses in a persistent infection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cell culture. Jun 1988 J C de la Torre,E Martínez-Salas,J Diez,A Villaverde,F Gebauer,E Rocha,M Dávila,E Domingo Virus and cells evolve during serial passage of cloned BHK-21 cells persistently infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). These carrier cells, termed C1-BHK-Rc1 (J.C. de la Torre, M. Dávila, F. Sobrino, J. Ortín, and E. Domingo, Virology 145:24-35, 1985), become constitutively resistant t... ( view more )o the parental FMDV C-S8c1. Curing of late-passage C1-BHK-Rc1 cells of FMDV by ribavirin treatment (J.C. de la Torre, B. Alarcón, E. Martínez-Salas, L. Carrasco, and E. Domingo, J. Virol. 61:233-235, 1987) did not restore sensitivity to FMDV C-S8c1. The resistance of C1-BHK-Rc1 cells to FMDV C-S8c1 was not due to an impairment of attachment, penetration, or uncoating of the particles but to some intracellular block that resulted in a 100-fold decrease in the amount of FMDV RNA in the infected cells. FMDV R59, the virus isolated from late-passage carrier cells, partly overcame the cellular block and was more cytolytic than FMDV C-S8c1 for BHK-21 cells. Sequencing of the VP1 gene from nine viral clones from C1-BHK-Rc1 cells showed genetic heterogeneity of 5 X 10(-4) substitutions per nucleotide. Mutations were sequentially fixed during persistence. In addition to resistance to FMDV C-S8c1, C1-BHK-Rc1 cells showed a characteristic round cell morphology, and compared with BHK-21 cells, they grew faster in liquid culture, were less subject to contact inhibition of growth, and had an increased ability to form colonies in semisolid agar. Reconstitution of a persistent infection was readily attained with late-passage C1-BHK-Rc1 cells and FMDV C-S8c1 or FMDV R59. The results suggest that coevolution of BHK-21 cells and FMDV contributes to the maintenance of persistence in cell culture. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Kinetic studies of adenylyl cyclase of fat cell membranes. II. Comparison of activities measured in the presence of Mn++-AMP-P(NH)P and Mg++-AMP-P(NH)P. Effects of insulin, fluoride, isoproterenol, and GMP-P(NH)P. Sep 29, 1978 H N Torres,M M Flawiá,J A Medrano,P Cuatrecasas The kinetics of fat cell adenylyl cyclase were studied, with AMP-P(NH)P and Mn++ or Mg++ as the divalent cation. In general, the reaction times were not linear. In the presence of fluoride or GMP-P(NH)P, the time curves were concave upwards; in other cases (i.e., basal activity, insulin, or isoprot... ( view more )erenol), transient rates tended to decrease with time during the assay. Kinetic data were analyzed according to a previously described procedures (Torres et al., 1978b) which isolates two kinetic components: initial and final. With AMP-P(NH)P, kinetic activities were about ten times lower than those for ATP. With Mn++, activities were at least two-times higher than for Mg++. Spontaneous inactivation of adenylyl cyclase was higher in assays containing Mg++ than in those supplemented with Mn++. In the latter case, insulin was able to increase the inactivation rate. Fluoride and isoproterenol both activated adenylyl cyclase in both the initial and final kinetic components; under most of the conditions explored, their effects on the final component appeared to be more dramatic. Assays with GMP-P(NH)P showed inhibited activity in the initial component and increased activity in the final one. When the results obtained with AMP-P(NH)P are compared with those of ATP (Torres et al., 1978b. J. Membrane Biol. 43:000), the following differences were found: (i) in the presence of insulin and Mn++, cyclase inactivation was higher with AMP-P(NH)P than with ATP; (ii) fluoride stimulation of the final component was more marked with ATP than with AMP-P(NH)P; (iii) cyclase stimulation by isoproterenol was slightly higher with the nucleotide analog; and (iv) GMP-P(NH)P stimulation of the final component resulted in higher activity with ATP than with AMP-P(NH)P. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Pharmacological evaluation of humanized anti-epidermal growth factor receptor, monoclonal antibody h-R3, in patients with advanced epithelial-derived cancer. 2003 Mar-Apr Tania Crombet,Leonel Torres,Elia Neninger,Mauricio Catalá,María E Solano,Alejandro Perera,Olga Torres,Normando Iznaga,Franz Torres,Rolando Pérez,Agustín Lage Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression has been detected in many tumors of epithelial origin, and it is often associated with tumor growth advantages and poor prognosis. h-R3 is a genetically engineered humanized antibody (mAb) that recognizes an epitope located in the extracellular... ( view more ) domain of human EGFR. The antibody exhibited potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor effect on EGFR overexpressing cell lines. To study safety, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution, 12 patients with advanced epithelial-derived tumors received single intravenous infusion of h-R3 at four dose levels. Safety evaluation was made according to World Health Organization toxicity criteria. For biodistribution, 3 mg of the total dose were labeled with Technetium and then pooled with the rest of the dose. Anterior and posterior whole-body images were acquired using a gamma camera. Blood samples were taken for pharmacokinetics, antiidiotypic response, and for soluble EGFR detection. After hR3 administration, no evidence of severe toxicity was observed. Secondary reactions were mild and moderate and mainly consisted of tremors, fever, and vomiting. No anaphylactic or skin reactions were detected. Qualitative analysis of whole-body images showed that the liver had the highest mAb uptake. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that elimination half-lives and the AUC increased linearly with dose, while total body clearance decreased when increasing doses of h-R3. No relation between shed EGFR and mAb clearance was found. No antiidiotypic response against h-R3 was detected. Several phase II trials are now underway to evaluate the efficacy of h-R3 in the treatment of advanced cancer patients. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [Iris prosthesis in traumatic aniridia as an attempt to control refractory glaucoma induced by silicone oil in the anterior chamber: case report.] 2005 May-Jun Rogil José de Almeida Torres,Andréa Luchini,Rogério João de Almeida Torres,Fernando César Abib,Reginaldo Antônio de Almeida Torres The objective of this report is to demonstrate the effectiveness of an iris prosthesis to treat a refractory glaucoma induced by silicone oil in the anterior chamber. This case is about a patient who suffered a trauma caused by firearm shrapnel. A vitreous-retinal surgery was performed to remove in... ( view more )traocular foreign matter and to realign the retina that was detached. Due to the partial traumatic aniridia, silicone oil that was introduced in the vitreous chamber to keep the retina in place migrated to the anterior chamber, resulting in the decrease of endothelium cells and uncontrollable intraocular pressure. We performed transscleral fixation of the iris prosthesis to correct these problems. After a 45-month period of evolution, sight became stable at the 1 meter finger-count distance and intra-ocular pressure at 14 mmHg We may conclude that the triad that consists of lack of: iris diaphragm, aphakia and silicone oil that could not be removed because of inexorable occurrence of detachment of the retina should lead the surgeon to consider transscleral fixation of the iris prosthesis. This procedure might control intraocular pressure and/or preserve corneal transparency, preventing silicone oil from contact with the trabecular net and the corneal endothelium. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [Polypoid cystitis associated with glandular cystic cystitis] 2007 Jul-Aug Francisco Javier Torres Gómez,Francisco Javier Torres Olivera,Amelia Torres Gómez OBJECTIVE: Polypoid cystitis and intestinal metaplasia are well-known lesions of the bladder. METHODS: We report the case of one patient with both lesions identified synchronically in the bladder. RESULTS: Although these lesions are not neoplastic, there are evidences supporting a possible degenera... ( view more )tion of the metaplastic epithelium to adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of both lesions is histological and there are not clinical tests or image studies that could enable identification of the real nature of these lesions. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles MEK inhibition induces caspases activation, differentiation blockade and PML/RARalpha degradation in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Jul 2008 Nuria Barbarroja,Emilio Siendones,Luis Arístides Torres,Maria Jose Luque,Julio Manuel Martinez,Gabriel Dorado,Francisco Velasco,Antonio Torres,Chary López-Pedrera The hallmark of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is the reciprocal translocation t(15;17), which leads to the expression of the promyelocytic leukaemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML/RARalpha) fusion protein and a cell differentiation blockade at the promyelocytic stage. PML/RARalpha is direc... ( view more )tly targeted by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), which degrades the oncoprotein and induces complete remission of malignancies. The aberrant function of PML/RARalpha, together with the constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) signalling pathway, regulates the ability of haematopoietic cells to proliferate, differentiate, and escape from apoptotic episodes. The role of the MEK/ERK pathway in PML/RARalpha expression, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis in APL cells was analysed using specific MEK inhibitors. The blockade of MEK/ERK pathway resulted in caspase-dependent degradation of PML/RARalpha, and attenuation of the cell differentiation induction. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that PML/RARalpha was suppressed by MEK/ERK inhibition, through a mechanism dependent on caspase activation. ATRA co-operated with MEK inhibitor to increase degradation of PML/RARalpha and exhibited a convergence point in caspase activation with MEK inhibitors. Taken together, our data suggest a new role of MEK/ERK pathway in the pathogenesis of APL, thus supporting the use of MEK/ERK inhibitors as an efficient therapeutic strategy for this haematological malignancy. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Towards a fuller understanding of mosquito behaviour: use of electrocuting grids to compare the odour-orientated responses of Anopheles arabiensis and An. quadriannulatus in the field. Jun 2008 S J Torr,A Della Torre,M Calzetta,C Costantini,G A Vale The epidemiological role of and control options for any mosquito species depend on its degree of 'anthropophily'. However, the behavioural basis of this term is poorly understood. Accordingly, studies in Zimbabwe quantified the effects of natural odours from cattle and humans, and synthetic compone... ( view more )nts of these odours, on the attraction, entry and landing responses of Anopheles arabiensis Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anopheles quadriannulatus Theobald. The numbers of mosquitoes attracted to human or cattle odour were compared using electrocuting nets (E-nets), and entry responses were gauged by the catch from an odour-baited entry trap (OBET) relative to that from an odour-baited E-net. Landing responses were estimated by comparing the catches from E-nets and cloth targets covered with an electrocuting grid. For An. arabiensis, E-nets baited with odour from a single ox or a single man caught similar numbers, and increasing the dose of human odour from one to three men increased the catch four-fold. For An. quadriannulatus, catches from E-nets increased up to six-fold in the progression: man, three men, ox, and man + ox, with catch being correlated with bait mass. Entry responses of An. arabiensis were stronger with human odour (entry response 62%) than with ox odour (6%) or a mixture of cattle and human odours (15%). For An. quadriannulatus, the entry response was low (< 2%) with both cattle and human odour. Anopheles arabiensis did not exhibit a strong entry response to carbon dioxide (CO(2)) (0.2-2 L/min). The trends observed using OBETs and E-nets also applied to mosquitoes approaching and entering a hut. Catches from an electrocuting target baited with either CO(2) or a blend of acetone, 1-octen-3-ol, 4-methylphenol and 3-n-propylphenol - components of natural ox odour - showed that virtually all mosquitoes arriving there alighted on it. The propensity of An. arabiensis to enter human habitation seemed to be mediated by odours other than CO(2) alone. Characterizing 'anthropophily' by comparing the numbers of mosquitoes caught by traps baited with different host odours can lead to spurious conclusions; OBETs baited with human odour caught around two to four times more An. arabiensis than cattle-baited OBETs, whereas a human-baited E-net caught less ( approximately 0.7) An. arabiensis than a cattle-baited E-net. Similar caution is warranted for other species of mosquito vectors. A fuller understanding of how to exploit mosquito behaviour for control and surveys requires wider approaches and more use of appropriate tools. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Exogenous nucleosides accelerate differentiation of rat intestinal epithelial cells. Apr 2008 Jose María Vieites,Raúl de la Torre,María Del Carmen Ramírez,María Isabel Torres,Antonio Sánchez-Pozo,Angel Gil,Antonio Suárez Several studies have reported differing data on the effect of exogenous nucleosides and nucleotides on the proliferation and differentiation in various intestinal cell lines and explants. To study whether exogenous nucleosides modulate intestinal cell differentiation, IEC-6 cells were differentiate... ( view more )d in the presence or absence of a nucleoside mixture (cytidine, uridine, guanosine and inosine, 30 microM each), and the concentrations of nucleoside derivatives were determined by HPLC. Cell differentiation was assessed by electron microscopy, alkaline phosphatase activity and Rnd3 gene expression. The present results showed that uridine, guanosine and inosine were cleared from culture media (up to 32, 63 and 100 % in proliferating cells, and 31, 80 and 94 % in differentiated cells, respectively) whereas cytidine concentrations increased. Differentiation of IEC-6 cells was associated with a significant increase in intracellular nucleotide concentrations. Clearance of nucleosides correlated with a significant increase in the intracellular nucleotide pool in proliferating and differentiated IEC-6 cells. Intracellular guanosine nucleotides increased 2.5- and 5-fold in nucleoside-supplemented proliferating and differentiated cells, respectively. At 24 h, nucleoside-supplemented differentiated IEC-6 cells had significantly higher energy charge and GTP levels than non-supplemented ones. These modifications paralleled changes in cell differentiation as indicated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, prolonged microvilli formation and accelerated down-regulation of Rnd3 gene expression. The present findings suggest that exogenous nucleosides were selectively taken up by IEC-6 cells, increased the intracellular nucleotide pool, GTP and energy charge, and favoured cell morphological and functional changes during differentiation. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Microvascular blood flow and oxygenation during hemorrhagic hypotension. Mar 2008 Luciana N Torres,Roland N Pittman,Ivo P Torres Filho Understanding microvascular oxygen transport requires the knowledge of microvessel topology and geometry, blood flow and oxygen levels. Microvascular hemodynamic responses to hemorrhagic hypotension (HH) such as size-dependent vasoconstriction and blood flow reduction could lead to increased longit... ( view more )udinal oxygen partial pressure (PO(2)) gradients. However, the mesenteric microvascular PO(2) has never been evaluated during HH. Therefore, we studied hemodynamic variables and PO(2) distribution in 165 mesenteric microvessels from 39 anesthetized rats to investigate whether HH-induced vasoconstriction and blood flow reduction were associated with changes in longitudinal PO(2) gradients. Vessels were analyzed according to their position in the network, as well as a few interstitial PO(2) areas. We found that during baseline a small PO(2) gradient exists, but HH is accompanied by more pronounced microvascular longitudinal PO(2) gradients. Decreased blood flow did not seem to completely explain these findings, since blood flow was uniformly diminished in arterioles and venules, independent of diameter and position in the network. During HH, some microvessels presented higher PO(2) than during baseline despite blood flow reduction, possibly due to a combination of systemic hyperoxia and low oxygen consumption of mesentery. The data suggest that blood flow measurements may be a poor indicator of the oxygenation status in some regions of the mesentery. The enhanced mesenteric longitudinal PO(2) gradient may lead to regions with different levels of other physiologically active compounds. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Page 1 of 461 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (11505 articles found)

      
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