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GST Primary GST Primary Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Im... Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Improvement - Diabetes Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibio... Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-b... Systematic review assessing the effect of ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibiotics Management Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-based Practice Center, 117 Encina Commons, Stanford, CA 94305-6019, Kathy.mcdonald@stanford.edu Systematic review assessing the effect of quality improvement strategies on appropriate prescribing of antibiotics and appropriate choice of antibiotics. Adherence Adherence Assistive Devices Assistive Devices Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan CLSA_9 CLSA_9 Cyberabuse Cyberabuse Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent ... This review included randomized trials abo... Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent Men who Batter Their Partners This review included randomized trials about the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on domestic violence. The intervention included programs based on the Duluth Model. The violence had to be committed by a male toward his female partner. The violence also had to be physical. The primary outcomes were new arrests and convictions, and new reports of violence. CABG vs PCI CABG vs PCI Quality Improvement Strategies for Prevent... Quality Improvement Strategies for Preventing Nosocomial Infections (Created 17-Feb-06) Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma Control Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce S... This review was the first part of a projec... Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the first part of a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of smoking cessation interventions on reducing socio-economic differences. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio... This review was the second part in a proje... Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the second part in a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of interventions on reducing socio-economic differences in diet and physical activity. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the d... Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the data in the published report. We used SRS only for an updated search. The review included randomized trials about the effect of welfare-to-work programs. Participants were welfare recipients. There were basically two types of programs. The educational type tried to build knowledge and skills in order to help the welfare recipients acquire jobs that could support them economically. The "work first" approach was more aimed at getting the participants quickly into a job. Exercise interventions for the management ... The objective of this systematic review wa... Exercise interventions for the management of frailty The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of current exercise interventions on the management of frailty. A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Psycinfo, Cinahl, Scopus, Ageline, Eric, and SportDiscus databases was conducted and produced 1808 citations. So far we have completed 2 levels of “title and abstract” screening and we ended up with 262 articles. We have just started the full text screening. Eligibility criteria included original studies whose participants were identified as frail or prefrail with specific criteria and in which structured physical activity was included as at least one component of the intervention. Create a free account, build a dictionary with saved terms to re-use later! Public Domestic Violence - Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Workfare Exercise Interventions for the Management of Frailty Search     Simple Advanced Refine (4 coded questions)  Any of these:   Exact Phrase: All of these: None of these: Author: Periodical: Projects: No restrictions   Libraries: Public   Select SRS Projects Show Saved Terms Select Library Show articles that do not have abstracts  Humans or Animals Humans Animals Type of Article Clinical Trial Editorial Letter Meta-Analysis Practice Guideline Randomized Controlled Trial Review Addresses Bibliography Biography Case Reports Classical Article Clinical Conference Clinical Trial, Phase I Clinical Trial, Phase II Clinical Trial, Phase III Clinical Trial, Phase IV Comment Comparative Study Consensus Development Conference Consensus Development Conference, NIH Controlled Clinical Trial Corrected and Republished Article Dictionary Directory Duplicate Publication English Abstract Evaluation Studies Festschrift Government Publications Guideline Historical Article Interview In Vitro Journal Article Lectures Legal Cases Legislation Multicenter Study News Newspaper Article Overall Patient Education Handout Periodical Index Published Erratum Retracted Publication Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 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Retraction of Publication Scientific Integrity Review Support of Research Technical Report Twin Study Validation Studies Not a Primary Study or Review Unknown Primary Study Case Series Case Control Cohort Study Observational Study Qualitative Research CBA or ITS Registry Double Blind Controlled before after study Quasi-randomized trial Simple before after study Cluster-RCT Non-Randomized Study Report Book Book chapter Dissertation Conference procedings Secondary Research Not RCT Language English French German Italian Japanese Russian Spanish Afrikaans Albanian Unknown Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Chinese Croatian Czech Danish Dutch Esperanto Estonian Finnish Georgian Greek, Modern Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Kinyarwanda Korean Latin Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Malay Malayalam Maori Multiple Languages Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Pushto Romanian Sanskrit Scottish gaelic Serbian Slovak Slovenian Swedish Thai Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese Not English Not French Ages All Infant: birth-23 months All Child: 0-18 years All Adult: 19+ years Newborn: birth-1 month Infant: 1-23 months Preschool Child: 2-5 years Child: 6-12 years Adolescent: 13-18 years Adult: 19-44 years Middle Aged: 45-64 years Middle Aged + Aged: 45+ years Aged: 65+ years 80 and over: 80+ years Undetermined Results(1-25 of 678) Sort By: Publication Date Relevance Took: 2.200 seconds to search 17,750,454  Action: Copy Results to new Clipboard Build Search Link Page 1 of 28 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (678 articles found) Genetic variation and population structure in native Americans. Nov 2007 Sijia Wang,Cecil M Lewis,Mattias Jakobsson,Sohini Ramachandran,Nicolas Ray,Gabriel Bedoya,Winston Rojas,Maria V Parra,Julio A Molina,Carla Gallo,Guido Mazzotti,Giovanni Poletti,Kim Hill,Ana M Hurtado,Damian Labuda,William Klitz,Ramiro Barrantes,Maria Cátira Bortolini,Francisco M Salzano,Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler,Luiza T Tsuneto,Elena Llop,Francisco Rothhammer,Laurent Excoffier,Marcus W Feldman,Noah A Rosenberg,Andrés Ruiz-Linares We examined genetic diversity and population structure in the American landmass using 678 autosomal microsatellite markers genotyped in 422 individuals representing 24 Native American populations sampled from North, Central, and South America. These data were analyzed jointly with similar data avai... ( view more )lable in 54 other indigenous populations worldwide, including an additional five Native American groups. The Native American populations have lower genetic diversity and greater differentiation than populations from other continental regions. We observe gradients both of decreasing genetic diversity as a function of geographic distance from the Bering Strait and of decreasing genetic similarity to Siberians--signals of the southward dispersal of human populations from the northwestern tip of the Americas. We also observe evidence of: (1) a higher level of diversity and lower level of population structure in western South America compared to eastern South America, (2) a relative lack of differentiation between Mesoamerican and Andean populations, (3) a scenario in which coastal routes were easier for migrating peoples to traverse in comparison with inland routes, and (4) a partial agreement on a local scale between genetic similarity and the linguistic classification of populations. These findings offer new insights into the process of population dispersal and differentiation during the peopling of the Americas. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles The beta-globin gene cluster distribution revisited-patterns in Native American populations. Oct 2007 Sidia M Callegari-Jacques,Shaiane G Crossetti,Fabiana B Kohlrausch,Francisco M Salzano,Luiza T Tsuneto,Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler,Kim Hill,A Magdalena Hurtado,Mara H Hutz New frequencies for the beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes are presented for the Aché (N = 82 individuals), Guarani (N = 76), and Kaingang (N = 54), three Native South American populations that live in an area between parallels 20 degrees S and 30 degrees S not covered by previous studies at this ... ( view more )locus. The haplotype frequencies obtained for the three populations are within the interval observed for 28 other Native American populations. The Aché show much less haplotypes (five) than the other two populations (9-10), the haplotype prevalences being more similar to those of the Guarani than to the Kaingang. The Native American total heterozygosity was about half (0.41) that obtained for the African populations (0.71), but was not much different from those obtained for other continents. A geographical pattern was disclosed in South America by mapping the frequencies of the most common haplotype (haplotype 2), and by means of spatial correlation analysis. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and pairwise F(ST) data suggest three distinct sectors for the genetic landscape of Native South America: the Andes, the Center/Southeast region, and the Amazon. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of Rheedia longifolia Planch & Triana. Feb 2007 Valber da Silva Frutuoso,Márcia Magalhães Monteiro,Fábio Coelho Amendoeira,Andressa Luiza Figueiredo Almeida,Diogo Dibo do Nascimento,Ana Luiza Rangel Bérenger,Maria Auxiliadora Coelho Kaplan,Maria Raquel Figueiredo,Patrícia T Bozza,Hugo C Castro-Faria-Neto Rheedia longifolia Planch et Triana belongs to the Clusiaceae family. This plant is widely distributed in Brazil, but its chemical and pharmacological properties have not yet been studied. We report here that leaves aqueous extract of R. longifolia (LAE) shows analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect... ( view more )s. Oral or intraperitoneal administration of this extract dose-dependently inhibited the abdominal constrictions induced by acetic acid in mice. The analgesic effect and the duration of action were similar to those observed with sodium diclofenac, a classical non-steroidal analgesic. In addition to the effect seen in the abdominal constriction model, LAE was also able to inhibit the hyperalgesia induced by lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria (LPS) in rats. We also found that R. longifolia LAE inhibited an inflammatory reaction induced by LPS in the pleural cavity of mice. Acute toxicity was evaluated in mice treated with the extract for seven days with 50 mg/kg/day. Neither death, nor alterations in weight, blood leukocyte counts or hematocrit were noted. Our results suggest that aqueous extract from R. longifolia leaves has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity with minimal toxicity and are therefore endowed with a potential for pharmacological control of pain and inflammation. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles [Universal health systems and territory: challenges for a regional policy in the Brazilian Legal Amazon] 2007 Ana Luiza d'Avila Viana,Cristiani Vieira Machado,Tatiana Wargas de Faria Baptista,Luciana Dias de Lima,Maria Helena Magalhães de Mendonça,Luiza S Heimann,Mariana Vercesi Albuquerque,Fabíola Lana Iozzi,Virna Carvalho David,Pablo Ibañez,Samuel Frederico This article presents the results of a study on Federal health policy in the Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA) from 2003 to 2005, aimed at backing the development of regional health policies. The region has peculiar dynamics, an extensive border area, and adverse social indicators. The methodology inclu... ( view more )ded documental and financial analysis, participatory observation, interviews with heads of various Federal Ministries and State and Municipal health secretaries from the BLA; characterization of geographic situations in the BLA; and field studies in 15 municipalities. Institutional consolidation of health policy proved to be low in the Amazon during the study period, due to structural, institutional, and political difficulties. The identification of six geographic situations was useful for systematizing land use differences with repercussions on health, and which should be considered when implementing public policies. There is a certain gap between Federal actions and territorial dynamics, expressed as a mismatch between the current policy and its recognition by local administrators. In addition to establishing a regional policy for the Amazon, there is an evident need for differentiated policies within the region. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [Research for decision-making: a case study in Brazil] 2006 Ana Luiza d'Avila Viana,Cristiani Vieira Machado,Luciana Dias de Lima,Tatiana Wargas de Faria Baptista,Maria Helena Magalhães de Mendonça,Luiza Sterman Heimann This article analyzes the experience of the relationship between researchers and decision-makers in a study based on the hypothesis that this relationship would favor the incorporation of research results in health policy implementation. The attempt was made to identify elements that affect the rel... ( view more )ationship according to different policy and research phases, with an emphasis on the appropriation of the results by the decision-makers. It was shown that this research model per se does not guarantee the incorporation of the results, since variables related to the political/institutional context, the decision-makers' profile, and the forms of relationship played a preponderant role in this case. In research oriented towards decision-making, the use of the results depends on the decision-making timing, the capacity for dialogue, the policy's institutionality, and the decision-makers' place in the overall political context. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Geography influences microsatellite polymorphism diversity in Amerindians. Apr 2005 Fabiana B Kohlrausch,Sidia M Callegari-Jacques,Luiza T Tsuneto,M Luiza Petzl-Erler,Kim Hill,A Magdalena Hurtado,Francisco M Salzano,Mara H Hutz Data related to 15 short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) are reported for four South American Indian populations, and integrated with previous Brazilian Indian results. Overall heterozygosities varied significantly among groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.002). The lowest levels of heterozygosi... ( view more )ty were observed in the Ache, Ayoreo, and Surui, an expected finding considering their isolation and ethnohistory. Genetic distance and gene diversity analyses suggested that geography was a good predictor of genetic affinity among these Native Americans. New evidence from this study supports the hypothesis that the Ache population descends from a Ge group that preceded the Guarani colonization of Paraguay. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Polymorphisms of CYP1a1, CYP2e1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and TP53 genes in Amerindians. Nov 2002 Pedro A Gaspar,Mara H Hutz,Francisco M Salzano,Kim Hill,A Magdalena Hurtado,M Luiza Petzl-Erler,Luiza T Tsuneto,Tania A Weimer Polymorphisms at the TP53, cytochrome P-450 (CYP), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes are related to cancer susceptibility and present high diversity in allele frequencies among ethnic groups. This study concerns the CYP2E1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms in seven Amerindian populations (Xav... ( view more )ante, Guarani, Aché, Wai Wai, Zoró, Surui, and Gavião). Polymorphic sites at CYP1A1 and TP53 were also studied in the Aché and Guarani tribes and compared with previous results about these systems already obtained in the other populations. The CYP2E1*5B haplotype showed, respectively, the highest and the lowest frequencies already observed in human groups. High frequencies of CYP1A1*2A and CYP1A1*2C alleles and mostly low values of GSTM1*0/*0 and GSTT1*0/*0 genotypes were observed. These data may be interpreted as being due to genetic drift or selection for these high-frequency CYP1A1 alleles and against GST null genotypes during America's colonization. Intrapopulation diversity varied from 0.19 (Guarani) to 0.38 (Surui), and 90% of the total diversity was due to the variability within populations. The relationships between these Amerindians and with other ethnic groups were evaluated based on D(A) distances and the neighbor-joining method. Low correlation was observed between genetic relationships and geographic distances or linguistic groups. In the TP53 comparison with other ethnic groups, Amerindians clustered together and then joined Chinese populations. The cluster analysis seems to indicate that the Aché tribe might descend from a Gê group that could have first colonized that Paraguayan region, but had also assimilated some amount of the Guarani gene pool, maybe through intertribal admixture. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Mitochondrial genome diversity of Native Americans supports a single early entry of founder populations into America. Jul 2002 Wilson A Silva,Sandro L Bonatto,Adriano J Holanda,Andrea K Ribeiro-Dos-Santos,Beatriz M Paixão,Gustavo H Goldman,Kiyoko Abe-Sandes,Luis Rodriguez-Delfin,Marcela Barbosa,Maria Luiza Paçó-Larson,Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler,Valeria Valente,Sidney E B Santos,Marco A Zago There is general agreement that the Native American founder populations migrated from Asia into America through Beringia sometime during the Pleistocene, but the hypotheses concerning the ages and the number of these migrations and the size of the ancestral populations are surrounded by controversy... ( view more ). DNA sequence variations of several regions of the genome of Native Americans, especially in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region, have been studied as a tool to help answer these questions. However, the small number of nucleotides studied and the nonclocklike rate of mtDNA control-region evolution impose several limitations to these results. Here we provide the sequence analysis of a continuous region of 8.8 kb of the mtDNA outside the D-loop for 40 individuals, 30 of whom are Native Americans whose mtDNA belongs to the four founder haplogroups. Haplogroups A, B, and C form monophyletic clades, but the five haplogroup D sequences have unstable positions and usually do not group together. The high degree of similarity in the nucleotide diversity and time of differentiation (i.e., approximately 21,000 years before present) of these four haplogroups support a common origin for these sequences and suggest that the populations who harbor them may also have a common history. Additional evidence supports the idea that this age of differentiation coincides with the process of colonization of the New World and supports the hypothesis of a single and early entry of the ancestral Asian population into the Americas. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [Significant changes in the health system decentralization process in Brazil] 2002 Ana Luiza d'Avila Viana,Luiza S Heimann,Luciana Dias de Lima,Roberta Gondim de Oliveira,Sergio da Hora Rodrigues This article discusses the trends and limits of the Brazilian health system decentralization process, identifying the three elements that constitute the strategic induction performed by the national system administrator in accordance with the guidelines contained in the Operational Norms of the Uni... ( view more )fied National Health System: systemic rationality, intergovernmental and service provider financing, and health care model. The effects of the Federal regulations are analyzed based on the results of the evaluation study focused on the implementation of the full management scheme at the Municipal level. The decentralization strategy induced by Basic Operational Norm 96 has succeeded in improving institutional conditions, management autonomy, and supply, as measured by the Federal resources transferred, installed capacity, production, and coverage of outpatient and hospital services, with the Municipalities authorized to conduct fully autonomous management, without altering the existing patterns of inequity in the distribution of funds to poorer Municipalities. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II in Guaraní Indians, Southern Brazil. 2005 Nov-Dec Marcio Menna-Barreto,Ana Ligia Bender,Sandro L Bonatto,Loreta B Freitas,Francisco M Salzano,Luiza T Tsuneto,Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) is found in many New World Indian groups on the American continent. In Brazil, HTLV-II has been found among urban residents and Indians in the Amazon region, in the North. Guaraní Indians in the South of Brazil were studied for HTLV-I/II infection. ... ( view more )Among 52 individuals, three (5.76%) showed positive anti-HTLV-II antibodies (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot). This preliminary report is the first seroepidemiological study showing HTLV-II infection among Indians in the South of Brazil. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Y-STR analysis in Brazilian and South Amerindian populations. 2008 May-Jun Fabio P N Leite,Sidia M Callegari-Jacques,Bianca A Carvalho,Trícia Kommers,Cecília H F Matte,Paulo E Raimann,Solange P Schwengber,Vinicius A Sortica,Luiza T Tsuneto,M Luiza Petzl-Erler,Francisco M Salzano,Mara H Hutz A sample of 203 Brazilian males from Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the Brazilian southernmost state, was typed for 11 Y-STR markers (DYS19, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS437, DYS438, and DYS439). We also typed 42 individuals from two South Amerindian tribes (Kaingang and Guarani)... ( view more ) to use the data as parental Amerindian contribution to our analyses. Gene and haplotypic diversities were estimated, with the South Amerindian samples showing smaller values for these parameters than Brazilians. To obtain a more comprehensive picture of the genetic structure of the Brazilian population as a whole, the Y-STR data from the RS sample was compared with those already published. No genetic substructuring was observed in the comparisons performed. Multidimensional scaling confirmed the proposed European source of most Y-chromosome Brazilian patrilineages. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [Pneumococcal meningitis in children: clinical findings, most frequent serotypes and outcome.] 2002 Jan-Feb Eitan N Berezin,Luiza H Falleiros-Carvalho,Claudia R Lopes,Andréia T Sanajotta,Maria Cristina Brandileone,Sonia Menegatti,Marco A Safadi,Maria Luiza C S Guerra OBJECTIVE: To determine mortality, morbidity, antimicrobial susceptibility and the most frequent serotypes in children admitted to hospital due to pneumococcal meningitis METHODS: Patients with meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae detected by culture in cerebrospinal fluid or blood, aged b... ( view more )etween 1 month and 15 years old, admitted to two hospitals in the city of São Paulo, were included in the study. Susceptibility to penicillin was determined by the disk diffusion test using oxacillin 1 microg disk. If the inhibition area with oxacillin disk was less than 20mm, the strains were tested for penicillin, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, vancomycin and sulfamethoxazole /trimethoprim using the E test. RESULTS: We identified 55 patients, 52.5% of which were younger than 6 months. The prevalence of penicillin-nonsusceptible strains was 36%. All the strains were intermediately resistant (0.1microg/ ml ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Prognostic index expression of cyclin-D1, cerbB-2 and VEGF: metastases vs corresponding primary cancers and metastatic vs non-metastatic adenocarcinomas. Aug 2008 Edwin Roger Parra,Ji Young Park,Dalva Midori Saito,Teresa Yae Takagaki,Olavo Ribeiro Rodrigues,Vera Luiza Capelozzi The prognostic relevance of different molecular markers in lung cancer is a crucial issue still worth investigating, and the specimens collected and analyzed represent a valuable source of material. Cyclin-D1, c-erbB-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have shown to be promising as prog... ( view more )nosticators in human cancer. In this study, we sought to examine the importance of Cyclin-D1, c-erbB-2 and VEGF, and to study the quantitative relationship among these factors and disease progression in metastases vs corresponding primary cancer, and metastatic vs non metastatic cancers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis to evaluate the amount of tumour staining for Cyclin-D1, c-erbB-2 and VEGF in 52 patients with surgically excised adenocarcinoma of the lung, and the outcome for our study was survival time until death from hematogenic metastases. RESULTS: Metastasis presented lower c-erbB-2 expression than corresponding primary cancers (p=0.02). Cyclin-D1 and VEGF expression were also lower in metastases than in corresponding primary cancers, but this difference did not achieve statistical significance. Non-metastatic cancers also presented significantly lower Cyclin-D1 and c-erbB-2 expression than metastatic cancers (p<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). Equally significant was the difference between higher c-erbB-2 expression by metastatic cancers compared to non-metastatic cancers (p=0.02). Considering survival in Kaplan-Maier analysis, Cyclin-D1 (p=0.04), c-erbB-2 (p=0.04) and VEGF (p<0.01) were important predictors of survival in metastatic cancers. CONCLUSION: Different tumour cell profiles in metastases, corresponding primary cancers, and non-metastatic cancers were found, thus suggesting that different cell clones control the invasive and non-invasive behaviour of the cancers. The fact that cancers with higher indexes of Cyclin-D1, cerbB-2 and VEGF expression have the capacity to metastasize offers us the potential to guide the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients likely to fail treatment after surgical excision of cancers. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Expression profile of interferon stimulated genes in central nervous system of mice infected with dengue virus Type-1. Aug 1, 2008 Juliano Bordignon,Christian M Probst,Ana Luiza P Mosimann,Daniela P Pavoni,Vanessa Stella,Gregory A Buck,Nusara Satproedprai,Paul Fawcett,Sílvio M Zanata,Lucia de Noronha,Marco A Krieger,Claudia N Duarte Dos Santos Dengue virus (DENV) infection can cause a self-limiting disease (dengue fever) or a more severe clinical presentation known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Furthermore, data from recent dengue epidemics in Brazil indicate that the neurological manifestations are becom... ( view more )ing more prevalent. However, the neuropathogenesis of dengue are not well understood. The balance between viral replication efficiency and innate immunity - in opposition during the early stages of infection - determines the clinical outcome of DENV infection. In this study, we investigated the effects of DENV infection on the transcription profile of the central nervous system (CNS) of mice. We observed in infected mice the up-regulation of 151 genes possibly involved in neuropathogenesis of dengue. Conversely, they may have a protective effect. Ingenuity Systems software analysis demonstrated, that the main pathways modulated by DENV infection in the mouse CNS are involved in interferon signaling and antigen presentation. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Computer-aided diagnosis in chest radiography for detection of childhood pneumonia. Aug 2008 Leandro Luís Galdino Oliveira,Simonne Almeida E Silva,Luiza Helena Vilela Ribeiro,Renato Maurício de Oliveira,Clarimar José Coelho,Ana Lúcia S S Andrade OBJECTIVES: This article presents a novel approach based on computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) scheme and wavelet transforms to aid pneumonia diagnosis in children, using chest radiograph images. The prototype system, named Pneumo-CAD, was designed to classify images into presence (PP) or absence of p... ( view more )neumonia (PA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The knowledge database for the Pneumo-CAD comprised chest images confirmed as PP or PA by two radiologists trained to interpret chest radiographs according to the WHO guidelines for the diagnosis of pneumonia in children. The performance of the Pneumo-CAD was evaluated by a subset of images randomly selected from the knowledge database. The retrieval of similar images was made by feature extraction using wavelets transform coefficients of the image. The energy of the wavelet coefficients was used to compose the feature vector in order to support the computational classification of images as PP or PA. Methodology I worked with a rank-weighted 15-nearest-neighbour scheme, while methodology II employed a distance-dependent weighting for image classification. The performance of the prototype system was assessed by the ROC curve. RESULTS: Overall, the Pneumo-CAD using the Haar wavelet presented the best accuracy in discriminating PP from PA for both, methodology I (AUC=0.97) and methodology II (AUC=0.94), reaching sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 80% and 90%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Pneumo-CAD could represent a complementary tool to screen children with clinical suspicion of pneumonia, and so to contribute to gather information on the burden of-pneumonia estimates in order to help guide health policies toward preventive interventions. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is highly expressed in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Jul 16, 2008 Erika L Souza Meyer,Iuri M Goemann,José Miguel Dora,Marcia S Wagner,Ana Luiza Maia Type II deiodinase (D2) plays a critical role in controlling intracellular T3 concentration and early studies indicated a follicular but not a parafollicular C-cell origin of D2 activity in the thyroid gland. Here, we show that D2 is highly expressed in human medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), a tu... ( view more )mor that arises from the C-cells. D2 transcripts were detected in all MTC samples obtained from 12 unselected MTC patients and the levels of D2 activity were comparable to those found in surrounding normal follicular tissue (0.41+/-0.10fmolminmgprotein vs. 0.43+/-0.41fmolminmgprotein, P=0.91). Additional analysis in the TT cells, a human MTC cell line, demonstrated that the D2 expression is downregulated by thyroid hormones and enhanced by cAMP analogs and dexamethasone. The thyroid hormone receptor alpha1 and beta isoforms were also detected in all MTC samples and in TT cells, thus suggesting a potential role of T3 locally produced by D2 in this neoplastic tissue. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Validation of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification Index (POP-Q-I): a novel interpretation of the POP-Q system for optimization of POP research. Jul 2008 Nucélio Luiz de Barros Moreira Lemos,Antonio Pedro Flores Auge,Jacqueline Leme Lunardelli,Silvia da Silva Carramão,Ana Luiza Antunes Faria,Tsutomu Aoki Even though very precise at describing pelvic organ position, our criticism to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system is its limited ability to quantify the prolapse itself, since it still classifies prolapse into four stages, almost the same way as Baden and Walker (Clin Obstet Gy... ( view more )necol 15(4):1070-1072, 1972) did in 1972. As a result, the same grade can include a wide prolapse intensity range. The objective of this study was to assess inter-observer reliability in the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification Index (POP-Q-I; Lemos et al., Int Urogynecol J 18(6):609-611, 2007) on a prospective randomized trial. Fifty consecutive women were prospectively examined by two members of the urogynecology staff, blinded to each other's results. Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess inter-observer reliability. Excellent correlation coefficients were observed, with an overall coefficient of 96.5% (CI: 0.889-1.042; p < 0.0001). The POP-Q-I is a method that makes POP research more efficient by directly measuring prolapse as a continuous variable, which is statistically more powerful than the categorical variables proposed by the POP-Q system. This study suggests that the POP-Q-I is applicable to clinical POP research. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Pathogenic expansions of the SCA6 locus are associated with a common CACNA1A haplotype across the globe: founder effect or predisposing chromosome? Jul 2008 Kate Craig,Yoshihisa Takiyama,Bing-Wen Soong,Laura B Jardim,Maria Luiza Saraiva-Pereira,Kieren Lythgow,Hiroyuki Morino,Hirofumi Maruyama,Hideshi Kawakami,Patrick F Chinnery Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is a common cause of dominantly inherited ataxia due to an expansion of the CAG repeat in the CACNA1A gene. Affected individuals from the same population share a common haplotype, raising the possibility that most SCA6 cases have descended from a small number of... ( view more ) common founders across the globe. To test this hypothesis, we carried out haplotype analysis on SCA6 families from Europe, South America and the Far East, including an established de novo SCA6 expansion. A core CACNA1A disease haplotype was found in affected individuals across the globe. This was also present in the unaffected father of the de novo case, suggesting that the shared chromosome predisposes to the CAG repeat expansion at the SCA6 locus. The SCA6 expansion lies within a CpG island, which could act as a cis-acting element predisposing to repeat expansion as for other CAG/CTG repeat diseases. Polymorphic variation in this region may explain the high-risk haplotype found in SCA6 families.European Journal of Human Genetics (2008) 16, 841-847; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.20; published online 20 February 2008. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Association of mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphism but not of mannose-binding serine protease 2 with chronic severe aortic regurgitation of rheumatic etiology. Jun 2008 Rajendranath Ramasawmy,Guilherme S Spina,Kellen C Fae,Alexandre C Pereira,Renato Nisihara,Iara Jose Messias Reason,Max Grinberg,Flavio Tarasoutchi,Jorge Kalil,Luiza Guilherme N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is the major immunoepitope of group A streptococcal cell wall carbohydrates. Antistreptococcal antibodies cross-reactive with anti-GlcNAc and laminin are present in sera of patients with rheumatic fever. The cross-reactivity of these antibodies with human heart valvular... ( view more ) endothelium and the underlying basement membrane has been suggested to be a possible cause of immune-mediated valve lesion. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) encoded by the MBL2 gene, a soluble pathogen recognition receptor, has high affinity for GlcNAc. We postulated that mutations in exon 1 of the MBL2 gene associated with a deficient serum level of MBL may contribute to chronic severe aortic regurgitation (AR) of rheumatic etiology. We studied 90 patients with severe chronic AR of rheumatic etiology and 281 healthy controls (HC) for the variants of the MBL2 gene at codons 52, 54, and 57 by using a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism-based method. We observed a significant difference in the prevalence of defective MBL2 alleles between patients with chronic severe AR and HC. Sixteen percent of patients with chronic severe AR were homozygotes or compound heterozygotes for defective MBL alleles in contrast to 5% for HC (P = 0.0022; odds ratio, 3.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 7.7]). No association was detected with the variant of the MASP2 gene. Our study suggests that MBL deficiency may contribute to the development of chronic severe AR of rheumatic etiology. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Occurrence of two cytotypes in Bryconamericus aff. iheringii (Characidae): karyotype analysis by C- and G-banding and replication bands. Jun 2008 Ana Luiza de Brito Portela-Castro,Horácio Ferreira Julio,Isabel Cristina Martins Dos Santos,Carla Simone Pavanelli Cytogenetic analyses of Bryconamericus aff. iheringii specimens from the upper Paraná River basin (State of Paraná, Brazil) are provided. They had 2n = 52 chromosomes and two cytotypes with variations in their karyotypic formulae: cytotype I with 12 metacentric, 18 submetacentric, 8 subtelocentric ... ( view more )and 14 acrocentric chromosomes with a fundamental number (FN) of 90; cytotype II with 8 metacentric, 28 submetacentric, 6 subtelocentric and 10 acrocentric chromosomes with a fundamental number (FN) of 94. Differences in C- and G-band patterns between the cytotypes, distinguishing marker chromosomes for each karyotype, were reported. The R-band pattern by 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation was obtained in chromosomes of the cytotype II sample. In some metaphases, the second pair of submetacentric chromosomes is distinctive: its short arm is heterochromatic (positive C-band), corresponding to a late replication region. In the same cytotype, a G- and R-band size heteromorphism w as recorded in the long arm of pair 9 (submetacentric). These methodologies revealed an actual karyotypic differentiation in the B. aff. iheringii population analyzed. Morphometrical comparative analyses and a discussion of evolutionary aspects of chromosome diversification in species of this genus are provided as well. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Having one kidney does not accelerate the rate of development of diabetic nephropathy lesions in type 1 diabetic patients. Jun 2008 Shirley Chang,M Luiza Caramori,Rika Moriya,Michael Mauer OBJECTIVE-Reduced nephron number is hypothesized to be a risk factor for chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Whether reduced nephron number accelerates the early stages of diabetic nephropathy is unknown. This study investigated whether the rate of development of diabetic nephropathy lesions w... ( view more )as different in type 1 diabetic patients with a single (transplanted) kidney compared with patients with two (native) kidneys. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Three groups of volunteers were studied: 28 type 1 diabetic kidney transplant recipients with 8-20 years of good graft function, 39 two-kidney patients with duration of type 1 diabetes matched to the time since transplant in the one-kidney group, and 30 age-matched normal control subjects. Electron microscopic morphometry was used to estimate glomerular structural parameters on 3.0 +/- 1.4 glomeruli per biopsy. RESULTS-In the one- versus two-kidney diabetic subject groups, respectively, serum creatinine (means +/- SD 1.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.2 mg/dl; P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (133 +/- 13 vs. 122 +/- 11 mmHg; P < 0.001), and albumin excretion rate (median [range] 32.1 mug/min [2-622] vs. 6.8 mug/min [2-1,495]; P = 0.006) were higher. There were no differences in the one- versus two-kidney diabetic subject groups, respectively, in glomerular basement membrane width (median [range] 511 nm [308-745] vs. 473 nm [331-814]), mesangial fractional volume (mean +/- SD 0.30 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.27 +/- 0.07), mesangial matrix fractional volume (0.16 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.16 +/- 0.06), and mesangial matrix fractional volume per total mesangium (0.61 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.64 +/- 0.09). However, these glomerular structural parameters were statistically significantly higher in both diabetic subject groups compared with normal control subjects. Results were similar when patients receiving ACE inhibitors were excluded from the analyses. CONCLUSIONS-Reduced nephron number is not associated with accelerated development of diabetic glomerulopathy lesions in type 1 diabetic patients. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [Municipal health policy planning and implementation.] Jun 2008 Ana Luiza Queiroz Vilasbôas,Jairnilson Silva Paim Municipal health policy planning can include exemplary practices for expanding the population's access to health services. The current study seeks to analyze the limits and possibilities of planning practices for policy implementation by a municipal health department. The empirical data were analyz... ( view more )ed based on a concept of planning practices and the theoretical link between the three spheres of government and the postulate of coherence. The use of unstructured strategic planning practices by the management team allowed a significant expansion in the supply of services to the population, but lacked the scope to overcome the limits imposed on the organization's governability by the health services funding model, characterized by strong induction from the federal level. The project was the most robust vertex in the government triangle and led to the development of initial expertise by the municipal management team, thereby ensuring a certain level of governability over the health project. The goals of increasing the supply of health services were constrained by the method's weakness and the organization's institutional insipience. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Controlling the clonal spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Jun 2008 Graziella H Pereira,Anna S Levin,Helenice Bosco Oliveira,Maria Luiza Moretti To evaluate nosocomial infections due to imipenem-resistant and imipenem-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a case-control study that included genotyping was performed. Hospitalization for more than 15 days was independently associated with infection with an imipenem-resistant organism. Sixty-seve... ( view more )n percent of the imipenem-resistant isolates analyzed and 23% of the imipenem-susceptible isolates analyzed belonged to a single clone. Intervention led to a decrease in the number of infections due to imipenem-resistant and imipenem-susceptible P. aeruginosa. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [Temporary workers' perceptions of occupational risks in the port of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.] Jun 2008 Jorgana Fernanda de Souza Soares,Marta Regina Cezar-Vaz,Raul Andrés Mendoza-Sassi,Tabajara Lucas de Almeida,Ana Luiza Muccillo-Baisch,Maria Cristina Flores Soares,Valdecir Zavarese da Costa This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative study in the port of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, aimed at identifying occupational risk perceptions in a sample of 306 temporary dockworkers. Most temporary dockworkers (93.46%) acknowledged the existence of health risks on the job, i... ( view more )ndependently of schooling (p = 0.44) and job activity (p = 0.47). Risks identified by temporary workers as a whole included falling of suspended objects (8.43 +/- 2.47), noise (8.06 +/- 2.32), and bad weather conditions (8.05 +/- 2.48). Risks that varied significantly between jobs were: noise (p = 0.00), lifting loads manually (p = 0.00), work tools (p = 0,00), insufficient number of work team members (p = 0.03), extra wages based on productivity (p = 0.00), work pace (p = 0.01), working on scaffolding and other high areas (p = 0.00), workers moving on top of cargo (p = 0.00), and ship's ladders and gangways (p = 0.00). The study corroborated that temporary dock work is unhealthy and hazardous, and that the risks affect workers according to the specific jobs they perform. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Preparation and phytotoxicity of novel kaurane diterpene amides with potential use as herbicides. May 14, 2008 Maria Amélia Diamantino Boaventura,Rondinelle Gomes Pereira,Luiza B de Oliveira Freitas,Leandro Alves Dos Reis,Henriete da Silva Vieira Novel kaurane ditepene monoamides were synthesized in good yields directly from kaurenoic ( 1) and grandiflorenic ( 2) acids and unprotected symmetrical diamines, using a modified protocol for monoacylation. Amides from 1 and 2 and monoamines were also obtained and tested against seed germination a... ( view more )nd growth of radicle and shoot of Lactuca sativa (lettuce), at 10 (-3), 10 (-5), and 10 (-7) M. Amides from symmetrical diamines showed significant inhibitory activity at higher concentrations. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Page 1 of 28 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (678 articles found)

      
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