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GST Primary GST Primary Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Im... Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Improvement - Diabetes Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibio... Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-b... Systematic review assessing the effect of ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibiotics Management Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-based Practice Center, 117 Encina Commons, Stanford, CA 94305-6019, Kathy.mcdonald@stanford.edu Systematic review assessing the effect of quality improvement strategies on appropriate prescribing of antibiotics and appropriate choice of antibiotics. Adherence Adherence Assistive Devices Assistive Devices Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan CLSA_9 CLSA_9 Cyberabuse Cyberabuse Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent ... This review included randomized trials abo... Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent Men who Batter Their Partners This review included randomized trials about the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on domestic violence. The intervention included programs based on the Duluth Model. The violence had to be committed by a male toward his female partner. The violence also had to be physical. The primary outcomes were new arrests and convictions, and new reports of violence. CABG vs PCI CABG vs PCI Quality Improvement Strategies for Prevent... Quality Improvement Strategies for Preventing Nosocomial Infections (Created 17-Feb-06) Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma Control Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce S... This review was the first part of a projec... Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the first part of a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of smoking cessation interventions on reducing socio-economic differences. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio... This review was the second part in a proje... Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the second part in a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of interventions on reducing socio-economic differences in diet and physical activity. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the d... Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the data in the published report. We used SRS only for an updated search. The review included randomized trials about the effect of welfare-to-work programs. Participants were welfare recipients. There were basically two types of programs. The educational type tried to build knowledge and skills in order to help the welfare recipients acquire jobs that could support them economically. The "work first" approach was more aimed at getting the participants quickly into a job. Exercise interventions for the management ... The objective of this systematic review wa... Exercise interventions for the management of frailty The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of current exercise interventions on the management of frailty. A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Psycinfo, Cinahl, Scopus, Ageline, Eric, and SportDiscus databases was conducted and produced 1808 citations. So far we have completed 2 levels of “title and abstract” screening and we ended up with 262 articles. We have just started the full text screening. Eligibility criteria included original studies whose participants were identified as frail or prefrail with specific criteria and in which structured physical activity was included as at least one component of the intervention. Create a free account, build a dictionary with saved terms to re-use later! Public Domestic Violence - Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Workfare Exercise Interventions for the Management of Frailty Search     Simple Advanced Refine (6 coded questions)  Any of these:   Exact Phrase: All of these: None of these: Author: Periodical: Projects: No restrictions   Libraries: Public   Select SRS Projects Show Saved Terms Select Library Show articles that do not have abstracts  Humans or Animals Humans Animals Type of Article Clinical Trial Editorial Letter Meta-Analysis Practice Guideline Randomized Controlled Trial Review Addresses Bibliography Biography Case Reports Classical Article Clinical Conference Clinical Trial, Phase I Clinical Trial, Phase II Clinical Trial, Phase III Clinical Trial, Phase IV Comment Comparative Study Consensus Development Conference Consensus Development Conference, NIH Controlled Clinical Trial Corrected and Republished Article Dictionary Directory Duplicate Publication English Abstract Evaluation Studies Festschrift Government Publications Guideline Historical Article Interview In Vitro Journal Article Lectures Legal Cases Legislation Multicenter Study News Newspaper Article Overall Patient Education Handout Periodical Index Published Erratum Retracted Publication Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 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Retraction of Publication Scientific Integrity Review Support of Research Technical Report Twin Study Validation Studies Not a Primary Study or Review Unknown Primary Study Case Series Case Control Cohort Study Observational Study Qualitative Research CBA or ITS Registry Double Blind Controlled before after study Quasi-randomized trial Simple before after study Cluster-RCT Non-Randomized Study Report Book Book chapter Dissertation Conference procedings Secondary Research Not RCT Ages All Infant: birth-23 months All Child: 0-18 years All Adult: 19+ years Newborn: birth-1 month Infant: 1-23 months Preschool Child: 2-5 years Child: 6-12 years Adolescent: 13-18 years Adult: 19-44 years Middle Aged: 45-64 years Middle Aged + Aged: 45+ years Aged: 65+ years 80 and over: 80+ years Undetermined Language English French German Italian Japanese Russian Spanish Afrikaans Albanian Unknown Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Chinese Croatian Czech Danish Dutch Esperanto Estonian Finnish Georgian Greek, Modern Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Kinyarwanda Korean Latin Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Malay Malayalam Maori Multiple Languages Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Pushto Romanian Sanskrit Scottish gaelic Serbian Slovak Slovenian Swedish Thai Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese Not English Not French Patient Demograhics Welfare recipients Unknown Not on welfare Mean Age Percent high school diploma Percent GED or high school diploma Mean number of years of education Intervention Patient education Communication and counselling Patient involvement through self-monitoring Reminders Reinforcement or rewards Other (e.g. combined education and reminders) Unknown Educational Materials Group threrapy Couples threrapy Individual threrapy Healthy eating Increased physical activity Not Diet or Exercise Welfare-to-work program Results(1-25 of 20,911) Sort By: Publication Date Relevance Took: 0.728 seconds to search 17,750,454  Action: Copy Results to new Clipboard Build Search Link Page 1 of 837 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (20911 articles found) The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. Mar 17, 2005 Mark T Ross,Darren V Grafham,Alison J Coffey,Steven Scherer,Kirsten McLay,Donna Muzny,Matthias Platzer,Gareth R Howell,Christine Burrows,Christine P Bird,Adam Frankish,Frances L Lovell,Kevin L Howe,Jennifer L Ashurst,Robert S Fulton,Ralf Sudbrak,Gaiping Wen,Matthew C Jones,Matthew E Hurles,T Daniel Andrews,Carol E Scott,Stephen Searle,Juliane Ramser,Adam Whittaker,Rebecca Deadman,Nigel P Carter,Sarah E Hunt,Rui Chen,Andrew Cree,Preethi Gunaratne,Paul Havlak,Anne Hodgson,Michael L Metzker,Stephen Richards,Graham Scott,David Steffen,Erica Sodergren,David A Wheeler,Kim C Worley,Rachael Ainscough,Kerrie D Ambrose,M Ali Ansari-Lari,Swaroop Aradhya,Robert I S Ashwell,Anne K Babbage,Claire L Bagguley,Andrea Ballabio,Ruby Banerjee,Gary E Barker,Karen F Barlow,Ian P Barrett,Karen N Bates,David M Beare,Helen Beasley,Oliver Beasley,Alfred Beck,Graeme Bethel,Karin Blechschmidt,Nicola Brady,Sarah Bray-Allen,Anne M Bridgeman,Andrew J Brown,Mary J Brown,David Bonnin,Elspeth A Bruford,Christian Buhay,Paula Burch,Deborah Burford,Joanne Burgess,Wayne Burrill,John Burton,Jackie M Bye,Carol Carder,Laura Carrel,Joseph Chako,Joanne C Chapman,Dean Chavez,Ellson Chen,Guan Chen,Yuan Chen,Zhijian Chen,Craig Chinault,Alfredo Ciccodicola,Sue Y Clark,Graham Clarke,Chris M Clee,Sheila Clegg,Kerstin Clerc-Blankenburg,Karen Clifford,Vicky Cobley,Charlotte G Cole,Jen S Conquer,Nicole Corby,Richard E Connor,Robert David,Joy Davies,Clay Davis,John Davis,Oliver Delgado,Denise Deshazo,Pawandeep Dhami,Yan Ding,Huyen Dinh,Steve Dodsworth,Heather Draper,Shannon Dugan-Rocha,Andrew Dunham,Matthew Dunn,K James Durbin,Ireena Dutta,Tamsin Eades,Matthew Ellwood,Alexandra Emery-Cohen,Helen Errington,Kathryn L Evans,Louisa Faulkner,Fiona Francis,John Frankland,Audrey E Fraser,Petra Galgoczy,James Gilbert,Rachel Gill,Gernot Glöckner,Simon G Gregory,Susan Gribble,Coline Griffiths,Russell Grocock,Yanghong Gu,Rhian Gwilliam,Cerissa Hamilton,Elizabeth A Hart,Alicia Hawes,Paul D Heath,Katja Heitmann,Steffen Hennig,Judith Hernandez,Bernd Hinzmann,Sarah Ho,Michael Hoffs,Phillip J Howden,Elizabeth J Huckle,Jennifer Hume,Paul J Hunt,Adrienne R Hunt,Judith Isherwood,Leni Jacob,David Johnson,Sally Jones,Pieter J de Jong,Shirin S Joseph,Stephen Keenan,Susan Kelly,Joanne K Kershaw,Ziad Khan,Petra Kioschis,Sven Klages,Andrew J Knights,Anna Kosiura,Christie Kovar-Smith,Gavin K Laird,Cordelia Langford,Stephanie Lawlor,Margaret Leversha,Lora Lewis,Wen Liu,Christine Lloyd,David M Lloyd,Hermela Loulseged,Jane E Loveland,Jamieson D Lovell,Ryan Lozado,Jing Lu,Rachael Lyne,Jie Ma,Manjula Maheshwari,Lucy H Matthews,Jennifer McDowall,Stuart McLaren,Amanda McMurray,Patrick Meidl,Thomas Meitinger,Sarah Milne,George Miner,Shailesh L Mistry,Margaret Morgan,Sidney Morris,Ines Müller,James C Mullikin,Ngoc Nguyen,Gabriele Nordsiek,Gerald Nyakatura,Christopher N O'Dell,Geoffery Okwuonu,Sophie Palmer,Richard Pandian,David Parker,Julia Parrish,Shiran Pasternak,Dina Patel,Alex V Pearce,Danita M Pearson,Sarah E Pelan,Lesette Perez,Keith M Porter,Yvonne Ramsey,Kathrin Reichwald,Susan Rhodes,Kerry A Ridler,David Schlessinger,Mary G Schueler,Harminder K Sehra,Charles Shaw-Smith,Hua Shen,Elizabeth M Sheridan,Ratna Shownkeen,Carl D Skuce,Michelle L Smith,Elizabeth C Sotheran,Helen E Steingruber,Charles A Steward,Roy Storey,R Mark Swann,David Swarbreck,Paul E Tabor,Stefan Taudien,Tineace Taylor,Brian Teague,Karen Thomas,Andrea Thorpe,Kirsten Timms,Alan Tracey,Steve Trevanion,Anthony C Tromans,Michele d'Urso,Daniel Verduzco,Donna Villasana,Lenee Waldron,Melanie Wall,Qiaoyan Wang,James Warren,Georgina L Warry,Xuehong Wei,Anthony West,Siobhan L Whitehead,Mathew N Whiteley,Jane E Wilkinson,David L Willey,Gabrielle Williams,Leanne Williams,Angela Williamson,Helen Williamson,Laurens Wilming,Rebecca L Woodmansey,Paul W Wray,Jennifer Yen,Jingkun Zhang,Jianling Zhou,Huda Zoghbi,Sara Zorilla,David Buck,Richard Reinhardt,Annemarie Poustka,André Rosenthal,Hans Lehrach,Alfons Meindl,Patrick J Minx,Ladeana W Hillier,Huntington F Willard,Richard K Wilson,Robert H Waterston,Catherine M Rice,Mark Vaudin,Alan Coulson,David L Nelson,George Weinstock,John E Sulston,Richard Durbin,Tim Hubbard,Richard A Gibbs,Stephan Beck,Jane Rogers,David R Bentley The human X chromosome has a unique biology that was shaped by its evolution as the sex chromosome shared by males and females. We have determined 99.3% of the euchromatic sequence of the X chromosome. Our analysis illustrates the autosomal origin of the mammalian sex chromosomes, the stepwise proc... ( view more )ess that led to the progressive loss of recombination between X and Y, and the extent of subsequent degradation of the Y chromosome. LINE1 repeat elements cover one-third of the X chromosome, with a distribution that is consistent with their proposed role as way stations in the process of X-chromosome inactivation. We found 1,098 genes in the sequence, of which 99 encode proteins expressed in testis and in various tumour types. A disproportionately high number of mendelian diseases are documented for the X chromosome. Of this number, 168 have been explained by mutations in 113 X-linked genes, which in many cases were characterized with the aid of the DNA sequence. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Cardiovascular risk factors in hemodialysis patients: results from baseline data of kaleidoscopic approaches to patients with end-stage renal disease study. May 2005 Masaki Ohsawa,Karen Kato,Kazuyoshi Itai,Toshiyuki Onoda,Ryuichiro Konda,Tomoaki Fujioka,Motoyuki Nakamura,Akira Okayama,KAREN Study Group BACKGROUND: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and the prevalence of comorbidities in adult hemodialysis patients in Japan are not fully understood. METHODS: In "Kaleidoscopic Approaches to Patients with End-stage Renal Disease Study" (The KAREN Study, 2003), trained research stuff exami... ( view more )ned 1,214 adult hemodialysis patients (mean age, 61.2 years; 779 males and 435 females) of 1,506 patients in northern areas of Iwate Prefecture. Cardiovascular risk factors and the prevalence of comorbidities in hemodialysis patients were compared with those in the general population using direct age-adjustment methodology and standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs). RESULTS: In hemodialysis patients, common causes of end-stage renal disease were chronic glomerulonephritis (29.8%), diabetic nephropathy (24.5%), and other diseases. Prevalence and SMR of myocardial infarction were 5% and 9.6, respectively, and those of stroke were 13% and 5.7. The prevalences of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were 87% and 29%, respectively. Mean systolic blood pressure and mean diastolic blood pressure were 155 mmHg and 85 mmHg, respectively. Mean levels of total serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and albumin in patients with end-stage renal disease were lower than those of the general population (160.6 vs. 203.3 mg/dL, 48.5 vs. 59.7 mg/dL, and 3.7 vs. 4.4 g/dL, respectively). Mean levels of C-reactive protein were higher than those of the general population (3.80 vs. 1.16 mg/L). CONCLUSION: Hemodialysis patients have a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities. Levels of nutrition-related markers were lower, and C-reactive protein levels were higher, in hemodialysis patients than in the general population. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Genomic plasticity of the causative agent of melioidosis, Burkholderia pseudomallei. Sep 28, 2004 Matthew T G Holden,Richard W Titball,Sharon J Peacock,Ana M Cerdeño-Tárraga,Timothy Atkins,Lisa C Crossman,Tyrone Pitt,Carol Churcher,Karen Mungall,Stephen D Bentley,Mohammed Sebaihia,Nicholas R Thomson,Nathalie Bason,Ifor R Beacham,Karen Brooks,Katherine A Brown,Nat F Brown,Greg L Challis,Inna Cherevach,Tracy Chillingworth,Ann Cronin,Ben Crossett,Paul Davis,David DeShazer,Theresa Feltwell,Audrey Fraser,Zahra Hance,Heidi Hauser,Simon Holroyd,Kay Jagels,Karen E Keith,Mark Maddison,Sharon Moule,Claire Price,Michael A Quail,Ester Rabbinowitsch,Kim Rutherford,Mandy Sanders,Mark Simmonds,Sirirurg Songsivilai,Kim Stevens,Sarinna Tumapa,Monkgol Vesaratchavest,Sally Whitehead,Corin Yeats,Bart G Barrell,Petra C F Oyston,Julian Parkhill Burkholderia pseudomallei is a recognized biothreat agent and the causative agent of melioidosis. This Gram-negative bacterium exists as a soil saprophyte in melioidosis-endemic areas of the world and accounts for 20% of community-acquired septicaemias in northeastern Thailand where half of those a... ( view more )ffected die. Here we report the complete genome of B. pseudomallei, which is composed of two chromosomes of 4.07 megabase pairs and 3.17 megabase pairs, showing significant functional partitioning of genes between them. The large chromosome encodes many of the core functions associated with central metabolism and cell growth, whereas the small chromosome carries more accessory functions associated with adaptation and survival in different niches. Genomic comparisons with closely and more distantly related bacteria revealed a greater level of gene order conservation and a greater number of orthologous genes on the large chromosome, suggesting that the two replicons have distinct evolutionary origins. A striking feature of the genome was the presence of 16 genomic islands (GIs) that together made up 6.1% of the genome. Further analysis revealed these islands to be variably present in a collection of invasive and soil isolates but entirely absent from the clonally related organism B. mallei. We propose that variable horizontal gene acquisition by B. pseudomallei is an important feature of recent genetic evolution and that this has resulted in a genetically diverse pathogenic species. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Evaluation of the "Respect Not Risk" firearm safety lesson for 3rd-graders. Dec 2003 Karen D Liller,Karen Perrin,Jodi Nearns,Karen Pesce,Nancy B Crane,Robin R Gonzalez The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MORE HEALTH "Respect Not Risk" Firearm Safety Lesson for 3rd-graders in Pinellas County, Florida. Six schools representative of various socioeconomic levels were selected as the test sites. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected. A total of 43... ( view more )3 matched pretests/posttests were used to determine the effectiveness of the class in increasing student knowledge about firearm safety. The results revealed a significant increase in the mean scores on the posttest compared with the pretest. Qualitative findings showed the lesson was positively received by both students and teachers, and 65% of responding students reported discussing the lesson with family members. School nurses are encouraged to take a leading role in promoting firearm injury prevention to students. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Model for incorporating social context in health behavior interventions: applications for cancer prevention for working-class, multiethnic populations. Sep 2003 Glorian Sorensen,Karen Emmons,Mary Kay Hunt,Elizabeth Barbeau,Roberta Goldman,Karen Peterson,Karen Kuntz,Anne Stoddard,Lisa Berkman BACKGROUND: This article proposes a conceptual framework for addressing social contextual factors in cancer prevention interventions, and describes work that operationalizes this model in interventions for working class, multiethnic populations. METHODS: The Harvard Cancer Prevention Program Projec... ( view more )t Includes Three Studies: (1) an intervention study in 25 small businesses; (2) an intervention study in 10 health centers; and (3) a computer simulation modeling project that translates risk factor modifications into gains in life expectancy and number of cancers averted. The conceptual framework guiding this work articulates pathways by which social context may influence health behaviors, and is used to frame the interventions and guide evaluation design. RESULTS: Social contextual factors cut across multiple levels of influence, and include individual factors (e.g., material circumstances, psychosocial factors), interpersonal factors (e.g., social ties, roles/responsibilities, social norms), organizational factors (e.g., work organization, access to health care), and neighborhood/community factors (e.g., safety, access to grocery stores). Social context is shaped by sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., social class, race/ethnicity, gender, age, language) that impact day-to-day realities. CONCLUSIONS: By illuminating the pathways by which social contextual factors influence health behaviors, it will be possible to enhance the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing social inequalities in risk behaviors. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Association of life activities with cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer disease: implications for the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Mar 2003 Nikolaos Scarmeas,Eric Zarahn,Karen E Anderson,Christian G Habeck,John Hilton,Joseph Flynn,Karen S Marder,Karen L Bell,Harold A Sackeim,Ronald L Van Heertum,James R Moeller,Yaakov Stern BACKGROUND: Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), a good indirect index of cerebral pathologic changes in Alzheimer disease (AD), is more severely reduced in patients with higher educational attainment and IQ when controlling for clinical severity. This has been interpreted as suggesting that cogniti... ( view more )ve reserve allows these patients to cope better with the pathologic changes in AD. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether premorbid engagement in various activities may also provide cognitive reserve. DESIGN: We evaluated intellectual, social, and physical activities in 9 patients with early AD and 16 healthy elderly controls who underwent brain H(2)(15)O positron emission tomography. In voxelwise multiple regression analyses that controlled for age and clinical severity, we investigated the association between education, estimated premorbid IQ, and activities, and CBF. RESULTS: In accordance with previous findings, we replicated an inverse association between education and CBF and IQ and CBF in patients with AD. In addition, there was a negative correlation between previous reported activity score and CBF in patients with AD. When both education and IQ were added as covariates in the same model, a higher activity score was still associated with more prominent CBF deficits. No significant associations were detected in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: At any given level of clinical disease severity, there is a greater degree of brain pathologic involvement in patients with AD who have more engagement in activities, even when education and IQ are taken into account. This may suggest that interindividual differences in lifestyle may affect cognitive reserve by partially mediating the relationship between brain damage and the clinical manifestation of AD. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome. Dec 5, 2002 Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium ,Robert H Waterston,Kerstin Lindblad-Toh,Ewan Birney,Jane Rogers,Josep F Abril,Pankaj Agarwal,Richa Agarwala,Rachel Ainscough,Marina Alexandersson,Peter An,Stylianos E Antonarakis,John Attwood,Robert Baertsch,Jonathon Bailey,Karen Barlow,Stephan Beck,Eric Berry,Bruce Birren,Toby Bloom,Peer Bork,Marc Botcherby,Nicolas Bray,Michael R Brent,Daniel G Brown,Stephen D Brown,Carol Bult,John Burton,Jonathan Butler,Robert D Campbell,Piero Carninci,Simon Cawley,Francesca Chiaromonte,Asif T Chinwalla,Deanna M Church,Michele Clamp,Christopher Clee,Francis S Collins,Lisa L Cook,Richard R Copley,Alan Coulson,Olivier Couronne,James Cuff,Val Curwen,Tim Cutts,Mark Daly,Robert David,Joy Davies,Kimberly D Delehaunty,Justin Deri,Emmanouil T Dermitzakis,Colin Dewey,Nicholas J Dickens,Mark Diekhans,Sheila Dodge,Inna Dubchak,Diane M Dunn,Sean R Eddy,Laura Elnitski,Richard D Emes,Pallavi Eswara,Eduardo Eyras,Adam Felsenfeld,Ginger A Fewell,Paul Flicek,Karen Foley,Wayne N Frankel,Lucinda A Fulton,Robert S Fulton,Terrence S Furey,Diane Gage,Richard A Gibbs,Gustavo Glusman,Sante Gnerre,Nick Goldman,Leo Goodstadt,Darren Grafham,Tina A Graves,Eric D Green,Simon Gregory,Roderic Guigó,Mark Guyer,Ross C Hardison,David Haussler,Yoshihide Hayashizaki,LaDeana W Hillier,Angela Hinrichs,Wratko Hlavina,Timothy Holzer,Fan Hsu,Axin Hua,Tim Hubbard,Adrienne Hunt,Ian Jackson,David B Jaffe,L Steven Johnson,Matthew Jones,Thomas A Jones,Ann Joy,Michael Kamal,Elinor K Karlsson,Donna Karolchik,Arkadiusz Kasprzyk,Jun Kawai,Evan Keibler,Cristyn Kells,W James Kent,Andrew Kirby,Diana L Kolbe,Ian Korf,Raju S Kucherlapati,Edward J Kulbokas,David Kulp,Tom Landers,J P Leger,Steven Leonard,Ivica Letunic,Rosie Levine,Jia Li,Ming Li,Christine Lloyd,Susan Lucas,Bin Ma,Donna R Maglott,Elaine R Mardis,Lucy Matthews,Evan Mauceli,John H Mayer,Megan McCarthy,W Richard McCombie,Stuart McLaren,Kirsten McLay,John D McPherson,Jim Meldrim,Beverley Meredith,Jill P Mesirov,Webb Miller,Tracie L Miner,Emmanuel Mongin,Kate T Montgomery,Michael Morgan,Richard Mott,James C Mullikin,Donna M Muzny,William E Nash,Joanne O Nelson,Michael N Nhan,Robert Nicol,Zemin Ning,Chad Nusbaum,Michael J O'Connor,Yasushi Okazaki,Karen Oliver,Emma Overton-Larty,Lior Pachter,Genís Parra,Kymberlie H Pepin,Jane Peterson,Pavel Pevzner,Robert Plumb,Craig S Pohl,Alex Poliakov,Tracy C Ponce,Chris P Ponting,Simon Potter,Michael Quail,Alexandre Reymond,Bruce A Roe,Krishna M Roskin,Edward M Rubin,Alistair G Rust,Ralph Santos,Victor Sapojnikov,Brian Schultz,Jörg Schultz,Matthias S Schwartz,Scott Schwartz,Carol Scott,Steven Seaman,Steve Searle,Ted Sharpe,Andrew Sheridan,Ratna Shownkeen,Sarah Sims,Jonathan B Singer,Guy Slater,Arian Smit,Douglas R Smith,Brian Spencer,Arne Stabenau,Nicole Stange-Thomann,Charles Sugnet,Mikita Suyama,Glenn Tesler,Johanna Thompson,David Torrents,Evanne Trevaskis,John Tromp,Catherine Ucla,Abel Ureta-Vidal,Jade P Vinson,Andrew C Von Niederhausern,Claire M Wade,Melanie Wall,Ryan J Weber,Robert B Weiss,Michael C Wendl,Anthony P West,Kris Wetterstrand,Raymond Wheeler,Simon Whelan,Jamey Wierzbowski,David Willey,Sophie Williams,Richard K Wilson,Eitan Winter,Kim C Worley,Dudley Wyman,Shan Yang,Shiaw-Pyng Yang,Evgeny M Zdobnov,Michael C Zody,Eric S Lander The sequence of the mouse genome is a key informational tool for understanding the contents of the human genome and a key experimental tool for biomedical research. Here, we report the results of an international collaboration to produce a high-quality draft sequence of the mouse genome. We also pr... ( view more )esent an initial comparative analysis of the mouse and human genomes, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the two sequences. We discuss topics including the analysis of the evolutionary forces shaping the size, structure and sequence of the genomes; the conservation of large-scale synteny across most of the genomes; the much lower extent of sequence orthology covering less than half of the genomes; the proportions of the genomes under selection; the number of protein-coding genes; the expansion of gene families related to reproduction and immunity; the evolution of proteins; and the identification of intraspecies polymorphism. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Virtual connections: Internet health care. 2002 Richard T Penson,Renee C Benson,Karen Parles,Bruce A Chabner,Thomas J Lynch Shortly before his death in 1995, Kenneth B. Schwartz, a cancer patient at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), founded The Kenneth B. Schwartz Center at MGH. The Schwartz Center is a nonprofit organization dedicated to supporting and advancing compassionate health care delivery that provides hope... ( view more ) to the patient, support to caregivers, and encourages the healing process. The Center sponsors the Schwartz Center Rounds, a monthly multidisciplinary forum where caregivers reflect on important psychosocial issues faced by patients, their families, and their caregivers, and gain insight and support from fellow staff members. The 20th century success of the Internet is now translating into changes in 21st century medical practice. The changes brought about by the Internet have at once facilitated and complicated the practice of medicine. Physicians and patients are challenged to take advantage of the increased opportunities afforded by Internet access while being mindful of its drawbacks and the limitations to virtual communication. The case of Karen Parles, one of the authors, is presented. Karen developed locally advanced lung cancer and used the Internet to research her diagnosis. She found the information on lung cancer limited and confusing, and, in response, developed a website devoted to empowering lung cancer patients in their search for information and support (http://www.lungcanceronline.org). Here we discuss issues surrounding patients' use of the Internet for health information and communication with health care providers. The value of information-seeking as a coping mechanism is debated, and concerns are raised regarding confidentiality of electronic communications and the logistics of physicians adopting e-mail as a mechanism for communicating with patients. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Detection of agar, by analysis of sugar markers, associated with Bacillus anthracis spores, after culture. Aug 2008 David S Wunschel,Heather A Colburn,Alvin Fox,Karen F Fox,William M Harley,Jon H Wahl,Karen L Wahl Detection of small quantities of agar associated with spores of Bacillus anthracis could provide key information regarding its source or growth characteristics. Agar, widely used in growth of bacteria on solid surfaces, consists primarily of repeating polysaccharide units of 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose... ( view more ) (AGal) and galactose (Gal) with sulfated and O-methylated galactoses present as minor constituents. Two variants of the alditol acetate procedure were evaluated for detection of potential agar markers associated with spores. The first method employed a reductive hydrolysis step, to stabilize labile anhydrogalactose, by converting to anhydrogalactitol. The second eliminated the reductive hydrolysis step simplifying the procedure. Anhydrogalactitol, derived from agar, was detected using both derivatization methods followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. However, challenges with artifactual background (reductive hydrolysis) or marker destruction (hydrolysis) respectively lead to the use of an alternative agar marker. A minor agar component, 6-O-methyl galactose (6-O-M gal), was readily detected in agar-grown but not broth-grown bacteria. Detection was optimized by the use of gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS). With appropriate choice of sugar marker and analytical procedure, detection of sugar markers for agar has considerable potential in microbial forensics. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Nonrecurrent MECP2 duplications mediated by genomic architecture-driven DNA breaks and break-induced replication repair. Jun 2008 Marijke Bauters,Hilde Van Esch,Michael J Friez,Odile Boespflug-Tanguy,Martin Zenker,Angela M Vianna-Morgante,Carla Rosenberg,Jaakko Ignatius,Martine Raynaud,Karen Hollanders,Karen Govaerts,Kris Vandenreijt,Florence Niel,Pierre Blanc,Roger E Stevenson,Jean-Pierre Fryns,Peter Marynen,Charles E Schwartz,Guy Froyen Recurrent submicroscopic genomic copy number changes are the result of nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR). Nonrecurrent aberrations, however, can result from different nonexclusive recombination-repair mechanisms. We previously described small microduplications at Xq28 containing MECP2 in f... ( view more )our male patients with a severe neurological phenotype. Here, we report on the fine-mapping and breakpoint analysis of 16 unique microduplications. The size of the overlapping copy number changes varies between 0.3 and 2.3 Mb, and FISH analysis on three patients demonstrated a tandem orientation. Although eight of the 32 breakpoint regions coincide with low-copy repeats, none of the duplications are the result of NAHR. Bioinformatics analysis of the breakpoint regions demonstrated a 2.5-fold higher frequency of Alu interspersed repeats as compared with control regions, as well as a very high GC content (53%). Unexpectedly, we obtained the junction in only one patient by long-range PCR, which revealed nonhomologous end joining as the mechanism. Breakpoint analysis in two other patients by inverse PCR and subsequent array comparative genomic hybridization analysis demonstrated the presence of a second duplicated region more telomeric at Xq28, of which one copy was inserted in between the duplicated MECP2 regions. These data suggest a two-step mechanism in which part of Xq28 is first inserted near the MECP2 locus, followed by breakage-induced replication with strand invasion of the normal sister chromatid. Our results indicate that the mechanism by which copy number changes occur in regions with a complex genomic architecture can yield complex rearrangements. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles "Look at your health": outcomes associated with a computer-assisted smoking cessation counseling intervention for community college students. Jun 2008 Alexander V Prokhorov,Tracey Yost,Mary Mullin-Jones,Carl de Moor,Kentya H Ford,Salma Marani,Briseis A Kilfoy,Joshua P Hein,Karen Suchanek Hudmon,Karen M Emmons Community college students represent 44% of all students enrolled in U.S. higher education facilities. To our knowledge, no previous smoking cessation intervention has targeted community college students. Previous studies suggest that a motivational smoking cessation intervention could be successfu... ( view more )l for young adult smokers. Combining motivational interviewing sessions with personalized health feedback is likely to increase participants' motivation to quit and movement through the stages of change. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a smoking cessation program based on these premises. We designed a computer-assisted, counselor-delivered smoking cessation program that addresses personal health risks and readiness to change smoking behavior among community college students. A group-randomized, controlled trial was used to assess the intervention in a sample of 426 students (58.5% females; mean age, 22.8+/-4.7 years) from 15 pair-matched campuses. At the 10-month follow-up assessment, the cotinine-validated smoking cessation rates were 16.6% in the experimental condition and 10.1% in the standard care condition (p=0.07). Our results indicate that our computer-assisted intervention holds considerable promise in reducing smoking among community college students. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles The good habit of reading (El Buen Habito de la Lectura): parental reactions to an enhanced Reach Out and Read program in a clinic for the underserved. May 2008 Carrie L Byington,Wendy L Hobson,Lenora Olson,Gloria Torres-Nielsen,Kimberly Winter,Karen A Ortiz,Karen F Buchi This report describes parental reactions to a Reach Out and Read (ROR) program enhanced with a children's library in an urban clinic serving low-income immigrant families. View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Quality of life in children with heart disease as perceived by children and parents. May 2008 Karen Uzark,Karen Jones,Joyce Slusher,Christine A Limbers,Tasha M Burwinkle,James W Varni OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare the parent-reported and self-reported quality of life of children who have cardiovascular disease with the healthy pediatric population across age groups and to determine the relationship between perceived quality of life and severity ... ( view more )of cardiovascular disease. METHODS: The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Generic Core Scales and Cardiac Module were administered to 475 families including 347 children with cardiovascular disease during a pediatric cardiology outpatient visit. The PedsQL scores reported by children with cardiovascular disease and their parents were compared with pediatric population norms. The relationship between Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory scores and patient characteristics was examined. RESULTS: By self-report, mean PedsQL scores for children with cardiovascular disease were significantly lower than healthy child norms for physical and psychosocial functioning. Psychosocial quality of life scores were classified as significantly impaired as reported by 21% of children > or = 8 years of age. Even among children with less severe cardiovascular disease, 19.2% reported significantly impaired psychosocial quality of life. By parental report, overall PedsQL scores were not significantly different from healthy children except in the teenage group, and both the 8- to 12-year-old and teenage groups had lower mean psychosocial quality of life scores than healthy peers. Parent-reported mean PedsQL scores for both physical and psychosocial quality of life were significantly lower in children with more severe cardiovascular disease. Children with more severe cardiovascular disease reported lower mean scores for physical functioning, but smaller differences in psychosocial quality of life scores were observed related to disease severity. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, children with cardiovascular disease perceived lower quality of life than healthy children across all age groups. As perceived by parents, overall quality of life was not significantly different in young children with cardiovascular disease, but children with more severe cardiovascular disease have worse physical and psychosocial quality of life. One in 5 children with cardiovascular disease perceives impaired psychosocial functioning, including children with mild disease severity. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Optimization of a dihydropyrrolopyrazole series of transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor kinase domain inhibitors: discovery of an orally bioavailable transforming growth factor-beta receptor type I inhibitor as antitumor agent. Apr 10, 2008 Hong-Yu Li,William T McMillen,Charles R Heap,Denis J McCann,Lei Yan,Robert M Campbell,Sreenivasa R Mundla,Chi-Hsin R King,Elizabeth A Dierks,Bryan D Anderson,Karen S Britt,Karen L Huss,Matthew D Voss,Yan Wang,David K Clawson,Jonathan M Yingling,J Scott Sawyer In our continuing effort to expand the SAR of the quinoline domain of dihydropyrrolopyrazole series, we have discovered compound 15d, which demonstrated the antitumor efficacy with oral bioavailability. This effort also demonstrated that the PK/PD in vivo target inhibition paradigm is an effective ... ( view more )approach to assess potential for antitumor efficacy. The dihydropyrrolopyrazole inhibitor 15d (LY2109761) is representative of a novel series of antitumor agents. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Clinical characterisation of the multiple maternal hypomethylation syndrome in siblings. Apr 2008 Susanne E Boonen,Sven Pörksen,Deborah Jg Mackay,Elsebet Oestergaard,Birthe Olsen,Karen Brondum-Nielsen,I Karen Temple,Johanne Md Hahnemann We present the first clinical report of sibs with the multiple maternal hypomethylation syndrome. Both sisters presented with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM). By methylation-specific PCR of bisulphite-treated DNA, we found a mosaic spectrum of hypomethylation at the following maternally... ( view more ) methylated loci in both sibs: ZAC (6q24), KCNQ1OT1 (11p15.5), GRB10 (7p11.2-12), PEG3 (19q13), PEG1/MEST (7q32), and NESPAS (20q13). While the older sister has a milder phenotype, the younger one was severely ill and died at 11 months of age. Despite phenotypic differences, the sisters had several manifestations of both TNDM and BWS in common. The family is highly consanguineous, and the parents are first cousins. We suggest that the genetic defect in this family is a novel, most likely autosomal recessive defect of methylation mechanisms, either in the sisters or in their mother, affecting her oocyte imprinting. The recurrence with affected sibs as reported in this family has implications for genetic counselling. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles A 3.2 Mb deletion on 18q12 in a patient with childhood autism and high-grade myopia. Mar 2008 Mette Gilling,Marlene Briciet Lauritsen,Morten Møller,Karen Friis Henriksen,Astrid Vicente,Guiomar Oliveira,Christina Cintin,Hans Eiberg,Paal Skyt Andersen,Ole Mors,Thomas Rosenberg,Karen Brøndum-Nielsen,Rodney M J Cotterill,Claes Lundsteen,Hans-Hilger Ropers,Reinhard Ullmann,Iben Bache,Zeynep Tümer,Niels Tommerup Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders with unknown aetiology. Even though ASDs are suggested to be among the most heritable complex disorders, only a few reproducible mutations leading to susceptibility for ASD have been identified. In an attempt to identify ASD su... ( view more )sceptibility genes through chromosome rearrangements, we investigated a female patient with childhood autism and high-grade myopia, and an apparently balanced de novo translocation, t(5;18)(q34;q12.2). Further analyses revealed a 3.2 Mb deletion encompassing 17 genes at the 18q break point and an additional deletion of 1.27 Mb containing two genes on chromosome 4q35. Q-PCR analysis of 14 of the 17 genes deleted on chromosome 18 showed that 11 of these genes were expressed in the brain, suggesting that haploinsufficiency of one or more genes may have contributed to the childhood autism phenotype of the patient. Identification of multiple genetic changes in this patient with childhood autism agrees with the most frequently suggested genetic model of ASDs as complex, polygenic disorders. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles The impact of race as a risk factor for symptom severity and age at diagnosis of uterine leiomyomata among affected sisters. Feb 2008 Karen L Huyck,Carolien I M Panhuysen,Karen T Cuenco,Jingmei Zhang,Hilary Goldhammer,Emlyn S Jones,Priya Somasundaram,Allison M Lynch,Bernard L Harlow,Hang Lee,Elizabeth A Stewart,Cynthia C Morton OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to identify risk factors for uterine leiomyomata (UL) in a racially diverse population of women with a family history of UL, and to evaluate their contribution to disease severity and age at diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: We collected and analyzed epidemiologic d... ( view more )ata from 285 sister pairs diagnosed with UL. Risk factors for UL-related outcomes were compared among black (n = 73) and white (n = 212) sister pairs using univariate and multivariate regression models. RESULTS: Black women reported an average age at diagnosis of 5.3 years younger (SE, 1.1; P < .001) and were more likely to report severe disease (odds ratio, 5.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.99-13.7, P < .001) than white women of similar socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: Self-reported race is a significant factor in the severity of UL among women with a family history of UL. Differences in disease presentation between races likely reflect underlying genetic heterogeneity. The affected sister-pair study design can address both epidemiological and genetic hypotheses about UL. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Capturing and holding attention: the impact of emotional words in rapid serial visual presentation. Jan 2008 Karen J Mathewson,Karen M Arnell,Craig A Mansfield When two masked, to-be-attended targets are presented within approximately 500 msec of each other, accurate report of the second target (T2) suffers more than when targets are presented farther apart in time--an attentional blink (AB). In the present study, the AB was found to be larger when taboo ... ( view more )words were presented as a first target (T1), as compared with the AB found when emotionally neutral, negative, or positive words were presented as T1, suggesting that taboo words received preferential attentional processing. Comparable results were also obtained when taboo words were presented as to-be-ignored distractors in single-target rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). Arousal, but not valence, ratings of the emotional words predicted accuracy on subsequent targets in both dual- and single-task RSVP. Recognition memory for taboo words accounted fully for the negative relationships between arousal ratings and accuracy on subsequent targets, suggesting that arousal-triggered changes in attentional allocation influenced encoding of taboo words at the time they were encountered. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Hereditary angiodema: a current state-of-the-art review, VII: Canadian Hungarian 2007 International Consensus Algorithm for the Diagnosis, Therapy, and Management of Hereditary Angioedema. Jan 2008 Tom Bowen,Marco Cicardi,Konrad Bork,Bruce Zuraw,Mike Frank,Bruce Ritchie,Henriette Farkas,Lilian Varga,Lorenza C Zingale,Karen Binkley,Eric Wagner,Peggy Adomaitis,Kristylea Brosz,Jeanne Burnham,Richard Warrington,Chrystyna Kalicinsky,Sean Mace,Christine McCusker,Robert Schellenberg,Lucia Celeste,Jacques Hebert,Karen Valentine,Man-Chiu Poon,Bazir Serushago,Doris Neurath,William Yang,Gina Lacuesta,Andrew Issekutz,Azza Hamed,Palinder Kamra,John Dean,Amin Kanani,Donald Stark,Georges-Etienne Rivard,Eric Leith,Ellie Tsai,Susan Waserman,Paul K Keith,David Page,Silvia Marchesin,Hilary J Longhurst,Wolfhart Kreuz,Eva Rusicke,Inmaculada Martinez-Saguer,Emel Aygören-Pürsün,George Harmat,George Füst,Henry Li,Laurence Bouillet,Teresa Caballero,Dumitru Moldovan,Peter J Späth,Sara Smith-Foltz,Istvan Nagy,Erik W Nielsen,Christoph Bucher,Patrik Nordenfelt,Zhi Yu Xiang BACKGROUND: We published the Canadian 2003 International Consensus Algorithm for the Diagnosis, Therapy, and Management of Hereditary Angioedema (HAE; C1 inhibitor [C1-INH] deficiency) in 2004. OBJECTIVE: To ensure that this consensus remains current. METHODS: In collaboration with the Canadian Net... ( view more )work of Rare Blood Disorder Organizations, we held the second Canadian Consensus discussion with our international colleagues in Toronto, Ontario, on February 3, 2006, and reviewed its content at the Fifth C1 Inhibitor Deficiency Workshop in Budapest on June 2, 2007. Papers were presented by international investigators, and this consensus algorithm approach resulted. RESULTS: This consensus algorithm outlines the approach recommended for the diagnosis, therapy, and management of HAE, which was agreed on by the authors of this report. This document is only a consensus algorithm approach and continues to require validation. As such, participants agreed to make this a living 2007 algorithm, a work in progress, and to review its content at future international HAE meetings. CONCLUSIONS: There is a paucity of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials on the treatment of HAE, making levels of evidence to support the algorithm less than optimal. Controlled trials currently under way will provide further insight into the management of HAE. As with our Canadian 2003 Consensus, this 2007 International Consensus Algorithm for the Diagnosis, Therapy, and Management of HAE was formed through the meeting and agreement of patient care professionals along with patient group representatives and individual patients. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles DeLLITE depression in late life: an intervention trial of exercise. Design and recruitment of a randomised controlled trial. 2008 Ngaire Kerse,Karen Falloon,Simon A Moyes,Karen J Hayman,Tony Dowell,Gregory S Kolt,C Raina Elley,Simon Hatcher,Kathy Peri,Sally Keeling,Elizabeth Robinson,John Parsons,Janine Wiles,Bruce Arroll BACKGROUND: Physical activity shows potential in combating the poor outcomes associated with depression in older people. Meta-analyses show gaps in the research with poor trial design compromising certainty in conclusions and few programmes showing sustained effects. METHODS/DESIGN: The Depression ... ( view more )in Late Life: an Intervention Trial of Exercise (DeLLITE) is a 12 month randomised controlled trial of a physical activity intervention to increase functional status in people aged 75 years and older with depressive symptoms. The intervention involves an individualised activity programme based on goal setting and progression of difficulty of activities delivered by a trained nurse during 8 home visits over 6 months. The control group received time matched home visits to discuss social contacts and networks. Baseline, 6 and 12 months measures were assessed in face to face visits with the primary outcome being functional status (SPPB, NEADL). Secondary outcomes include depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale), quality of life (SF-36), physical activity (AHS Physical Activity Questionnaire) and falls (self report). DISCUSSION: Due to report in 2008 the DeLLITE study has recruited 70% of those eligible and tests the efficacy of a home based, goal setting physical activity programme in improving function, mood and quality of life in older people with depressive symptomatology. If successful in improving function and mood this trial could prove for the first time that there are long term health benefit of physical activity, independent of social activity, in this high risk group who consume excess health related costs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12605000475640. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Creating healthy food and eating environments: policy and environmental approaches. 2008 Mary Story,Karen M Kaphingst,Ramona Robinson-O'Brien,Karen Glanz Food and eating environments likely contribute to the increasing epidemic of obesity and chronic diseases, over and above individual factors such as knowledge, skills, and motivation. Environmental and policy interventions may be among the most effective strategies for creating population-wide impr... ( view more )ovements in eating. This review describes an ecological framework for conceptualizing the many food environments and conditions that influence food choices, with an emphasis on current knowledge regarding the home, child care, school, work site, retail store, and restaurant settings. Important issues of disparities in food access for low-income and minority groups and macrolevel issues are also reviewed. The status of measurement and evaluation of nutrition environments and the need for action to improve health are highlighted. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Contribution of membrane localization to the apoptotic activity of PUMA. Jan 2008 Karen S Yee,Karen H Vousden The BH3-only protein PUMA plays an important role in the activation of apoptosis in response to p53. In different studies, PUMA has been described to function by either directly activating the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak, or by neutralizing anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl2 family. We have ... ( view more )examined the contribution of regions of PUMA other than the BH3 domain to its localization and function. Although the hydrophobic domain in the C-terminus of PUMA is necessary for efficient mitochondrial localization of PUMA itself, PUMA proteins lacking this region can still induce apoptosis and localize to the mitochondria through binding to Bcl2. Even a nuclear localization signal (NLS)-tagged PUMA protein retains apoptotic activity and can be efficiently relocalized from the nucleus after interaction with ectopically expressed Bcl2, underscoring the efficiency of this interaction. Interestingly, unlike the Bcl2 interaction, the binding of PUMA to Bax is severely compromised by the loss of the C-terminal domain of PUMA. However, since the loss of the C-terminus does not compromise the ability of PUMA to induce cell death, our results indicate that the key apoptotic function of PUMA is through interaction with anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl2. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Persistent dizziness after surgical treatment of vertigo: an exploratory study of prognostic factors. Dec 2007 Karen B Teufert,Karen I Berliner,Antonio De la Cruz OBJECTIVE: Persistent vertigo and imbalance can occur after surgery for vertigo regardless of surgical approach. This study explored for factors affecting outcome of vertigo surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Patient survey and chart review. SETTING: Tertiary referral neurotologic private practice. PATIENTS/IN... ( view more )TERVENTION: Of 111 patients (57.7% female; mean age, 52.3 yr), 59 underwent vestibular nerve section (middle fossa, retrolabyrinthine, and translabyrinthine), 25 underwent transmastoid labyrinthectomy, and 27 underwent endolymphatic sac shunt. Eighty-three percent had Ménière's disease. Mean follow-up was 4.3 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes included American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) vertigo score and class, number of spells per month, current and change in AAO-HNS disability rating, vertigo and imbalance severity ratings, and frequency of imbalance. RESULTS: Three preoperative factors were consistently related to outcome: AAO-HNS disability rating, imbalance frequency rating, and duration of first symptom ([rho] = 0.19-0.51; all p's < 0.05). Greater disability and more frequent imbalance related to poorer outcome, but longer duration of disease related to better outcome. Presurgery vertigo characteristics were generally not related to outcome. Ménière's patients were more likely to have improvement in imbalance, as were those with no other significant disease and no allergy. The presence of tinnitus in the contralateral ear was associated with poorer outcomes, including a lower rate of results of Classes A and B (p = 0.023). Vertigo as a first symptom and the presence of eye disease also showed relationships to poorer outcome. CONCLUSION: Those rating themselves as more disabled before surgery are less likely to achieve the best outcomes, whereas frequency and severity of preoperative vertigo are not predictive. Several possible prognostic factors were identified that warrant future prospective study. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Chemical genetics define the roles of p38alpha and p38beta in acute and chronic inflammation. Nov 30, 2007 Stephen J O'Keefe,John S Mudgett,Susan Cupo,Janey N Parsons,Nicole A Chartrain,Catherine Fitzgerald,Shiow-Ling Chen,Karen Lowitz,Cordelia Rasa,Denise Visco,Silvi Luell,Ester Carballo-Jane,Karen Owens,Dennis M Zaller The p38 MAP kinase signal transduction pathway is an important regulator of proinflammatory cytokine production and inflammation. Defining the roles of the various p38 family members, specifically p38alpha and p38beta, in these processes has been difficult. Here we use a chemical genetics approach ... ( view more )using knock-in mice in which either p38alpha or p38beta kinase has been rendered resistant to the effects of specific inhibitors along with p38beta knock-out mice to dissect the biological function of these specific kinase isoforms. Mice harboring a T106M mutation in p38alpha are resistant to pharmacological inhibition of LPS-induced TNF production and collagen antibody-induced arthritis, indicating that p38beta activity is not required for acute or chronic inflammatory responses. LPS-induced TNF production, however, is still completely sensitive to p38 inhibitors in mice with a T106M point mutation in p38beta. Similarly, p38beta knock-out mice respond normally to inflammatory stimuli. These results demonstrate conclusively that specific inhibition of the p38alpha isoform is necessary and sufficient for anti-inflammatory efficacy in vivo. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Peptide YY regulates bone turnover in rodents. Nov 2007 Katherine E Wortley,Karen Garcia,Haruka Okamoto,Karen Thabet,Keith D Anderson,Victor Shen,Jim P Herman,David Valenzuela,George D Yancopoulos,Matthias H Tschöp,Andrew Murphy,Mark W Sleeman BACKGROUND & AIMS: Peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PPY) are members of the neuropeptide Y peptide family. The neuropeptide Y receptor signaling pathway has been implicated in a number of physiologic processes, including the regulation of energy balance and bone mass. To investigate the... ( view more ) contribution of endogenous PYY and PPY to these processes, we generated both Pyy- and Ppy-deficient mice. METHODS: Pyy(-/-) and Ppy(-/-) mice and their respective wild-type littermates were studied from 8 weeks to 9 months of age. Food intake, metabolic parameters, and locomotor activity were monitored using indirect calorimetry. Body composition and bone parameters were analyzed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, histomorphometry, and vertebral compression testing. RESULTS: Studies in these mice showed an osteopenic phenotype specific to the Pyy-deficient line, which included a reduction in trabecular bone mass and a functional deficit in bone strength. Furthermore, female Pyy(-/-) mice showed a greater sensitivity to ovariectomy-induced bone loss compared with wild-type littermates. No food intake or metabolic phenotype was apparent in male or female Pyy(-/-) mice on standard chow. However, female Pyy(-/-) mice on a high-fat diet showed a greater propensity to gain body weight and adiposity. No metabolic or osteopenic phenotype was observed in Ppy-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that endogenous PYY plays a critical role in regulating bone mass. In comparison, its role in regulating body weight is minor and is confined to situations of high-fat feeding. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Page 1 of 837 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (20911 articles found)

      
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