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GST Primary GST Primary Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Im... Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Improvement - Diabetes Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibio... Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-b... Systematic review assessing the effect of ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibiotics Management Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-based Practice Center, 117 Encina Commons, Stanford, CA 94305-6019, Kathy.mcdonald@stanford.edu Systematic review assessing the effect of quality improvement strategies on appropriate prescribing of antibiotics and appropriate choice of antibiotics. Adherence Adherence Assistive Devices Assistive Devices Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan CLSA_9 CLSA_9 Cyberabuse Cyberabuse Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent ... This review included randomized trials abo... Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent Men who Batter Their Partners This review included randomized trials about the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on domestic violence. The intervention included programs based on the Duluth Model. The violence had to be committed by a male toward his female partner. The violence also had to be physical. The primary outcomes were new arrests and convictions, and new reports of violence. CABG vs PCI CABG vs PCI Quality Improvement Strategies for Prevent... Quality Improvement Strategies for Preventing Nosocomial Infections (Created 17-Feb-06) Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma Control Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce S... This review was the first part of a projec... Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the first part of a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of smoking cessation interventions on reducing socio-economic differences. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio... This review was the second part in a proje... Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the second part in a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of interventions on reducing socio-economic differences in diet and physical activity. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the d... Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the data in the published report. We used SRS only for an updated search. The review included randomized trials about the effect of welfare-to-work programs. Participants were welfare recipients. There were basically two types of programs. The educational type tried to build knowledge and skills in order to help the welfare recipients acquire jobs that could support them economically. The "work first" approach was more aimed at getting the participants quickly into a job. Exercise interventions for the management ... The objective of this systematic review wa... Exercise interventions for the management of frailty The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of current exercise interventions on the management of frailty. A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Psycinfo, Cinahl, Scopus, Ageline, Eric, and SportDiscus databases was conducted and produced 1808 citations. So far we have completed 2 levels of “title and abstract” screening and we ended up with 262 articles. We have just started the full text screening. Eligibility criteria included original studies whose participants were identified as frail or prefrail with specific criteria and in which structured physical activity was included as at least one component of the intervention. Create a free account, build a dictionary with saved terms to re-use later! Public Domestic Violence - Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Workfare Exercise Interventions for the Management of Frailty Search     Simple Advanced Refine (4 coded questions)  Any of these:   Exact Phrase: All of these: None of these: Author: Periodical: Projects: No restrictions   Libraries: Public   Select SRS Projects Show Saved Terms Select Library Show articles that do not have abstracts  Type of Article Clinical Trial Editorial Letter Meta-Analysis Practice Guideline Randomized Controlled Trial Review Addresses Bibliography Biography Case Reports Classical Article Clinical Conference Clinical Trial, Phase I Clinical Trial, Phase II Clinical Trial, Phase III Clinical Trial, Phase IV Comment Comparative Study Consensus Development Conference Consensus Development Conference, NIH Controlled Clinical Trial Corrected and Republished Article Dictionary Directory Duplicate Publication English Abstract Evaluation Studies Festschrift Government Publications Guideline Historical Article Interview In Vitro Journal Article Lectures Legal Cases Legislation Multicenter Study News Newspaper Article Overall Patient Education Handout Periodical Index Published Erratum Retracted Publication Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 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Retraction of Publication Scientific Integrity Review Support of Research Technical Report Twin Study Validation Studies Not a Primary Study or Review Unknown Primary Study Case Series Case Control Cohort Study Observational Study Qualitative Research CBA or ITS Registry Double Blind Controlled before after study Quasi-randomized trial Simple before after study Cluster-RCT Non-Randomized Study Report Book Book chapter Dissertation Conference procedings Secondary Research Not RCT Language English French German Italian Japanese Russian Spanish Afrikaans Albanian Unknown Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Chinese Croatian Czech Danish Dutch Esperanto Estonian Finnish Georgian Greek, Modern Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Kinyarwanda Korean Latin Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Malay Malayalam Maori Multiple Languages Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Pushto Romanian Sanskrit Scottish gaelic Serbian Slovak Slovenian Swedish Thai Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese Not English Not French Humans or Animals Humans Animals Ages All Infant: birth-23 months All Child: 0-18 years All Adult: 19+ years Newborn: birth-1 month Infant: 1-23 months Preschool Child: 2-5 years Child: 6-12 years Adolescent: 13-18 years Adult: 19-44 years Middle Aged: 45-64 years Middle Aged + Aged: 45+ years Aged: 65+ years 80 and over: 80+ years Undetermined Results(1-25 of 969) Sort By: Publication Date Relevance Took: 1.266 seconds to search 17,750,454  Action: Copy Results to new Clipboard Build Search Link Page 1 of 39 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (969 articles found) Response of transgenic poplar overexpressing cytosolic glutamine synthetase to phosphinothricin. Jan 2008 María Belén Pascual,Zhong Ping Jing,Edward G Kirby,Francisco M Cánovas,Fernando Gallardo Glutamine synthetase (GS) is the main enzyme involved in ammonia assimilation in plants and is the target of phosphinothricin (PPT), an herbicide commonly used for weed control in agriculture. As a result of the inhibition of GS, PPT also blocks photorespiration, resulting in the depletion of leaf ... ( view more )amino acid pools leading to the plant death. Hybrid transgenic poplar (Populus tremula x P. alba INRA clone 7171-B4) overexpressing cytosolic GS is characterized by enhanced vegetative growth [Gallardo, F., Fu, J., Cantón, F.R., García-Gutiérrez, A., Cánovas, F.M., Kirby, E.G., 1999. Expression of a conifer glutamine synthetase gene in transgenic poplar. Planta 210, 19-26; Fu, J., Sampalo, R., Gallardo, F., Cánovas, F.M., Kirby, E.G., 2003. Assembly of a cytosolic pine glutamine synthetase holoenzyme in leaves of transgenic poplar leads to enhanced vegetative growth in young plants. Plant Cell Environ. 26, 411-418; Jing, Z.P., Gallardo, F., Pascual, M.B., Sampalo, R., Romero, J., Torres de Navarra, A., Cánovas, F.M., 2004. Improved growth in a field trial of transgenic hybrid poplar overexpressing glutamine synthetase. New Phytol. 164, 137-145], increased photosynthetic and photorespiratory capacities [El-Khatib, R.T., Hamerlynck, E.P., Gallardo, F., Kirby, E.G., 2004. Transgenic poplar characterized by ectopic expression of a pine cytosolic glutamine synthetase gene exhibits enhanced tolerance to water stress. Tree Physiol. 24, 729-736], enhanced tolerance to water stress (El-Khatib et al., 2004), and enhanced nitrogen use efficiency [Man, H.-M., Boriel, R., El-Khatib, R.T., Kirby, E.G., 2005. Characterization of transgenic poplar with ectopic expression of pine cytosolic glutamine synthetase under conditions of varying nitrogen availability. New Phytol. 167, 31-39]. In vitro plantlets of GS transgenic poplar exhibited enhanced resistance to PPT when compared with non-transgenic controls. After 30 days exposure to PPT at an equivalent dose of 275 g ha(-1), growth of GS transgenic poplar plantlets was 5-fold greater than controls. The response of young leaves to PPT treatment depends on physiological state as indicated by GS and Rubisco (LSU) levels. Young leaves from control plants, typically in a low differentiation state, respond to the herbicide showing up-regulation of GS and LSU. In contrast, young leaves from transgenic lines, with higher initial GS and LSU levels compared to control, display up-regulation of NADP(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenase. Differences between control and GS transgenics in their response to PPT are discussed in relation to their differences in photosynthetic and photorespiratory capacities (El-Khatib et al., 2004). ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [Two new species of fleas from Chile and Argentina(Insecta-Siphonaptera: Stephanocircidae and Rhopalopsyllidae) and raising of a new sub-genus of Plocopsylla Jordan, 1931] Sep 2004 J C Beaucournu,M H Gallardo,K Ménier A new subgenus of Plocopsylla is raised, Schrammapsylla Beaucournu and Ménier from the entire group B of Schramm & Lewis, 1988 and two new fleas from Chile and Argentina are described: Plocopsylla (S.) muruai n. sp. Beaucournu and Gallardo and Ectinorus (E.) mimacydis n. sp. Beaucournu and Gallardo... ( view more ). These two taxa are only known by the male sex. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Autosomal-dominant distal myopathy with a myotilin S55F mutation: sorting out the phenotype. Feb 2008 J Berciano,E Gallardo,R Domínguez-Perles,E Gallardo,A García,R García-Barredo,O Combarros,J Infante,I Illa OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical phenotype of an autosomal-dominant pedigree with myotilinopathy. METHODS: Two symptomatic patients and six asymptomatic gene mutation carriers were examined. We performed serum chemistry, electrophysiological assessments, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lower... ( view more ) limb musculature, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies of a muscle biopsy and mutation analysis of the myotilin gene. RESULTS: Both symptomatic patients, aged 76 and 61 years, presented with late-onset, distal lower-limb weakness involving the ankle and toe flexo-extensor muscles extending up to the thigh muscles; there was mild weakness of the intrinsic hand musculature in the eldest patient. Electromyography revealed a myopathic pattern. Serum creatine kinase levels were slightly elevated. Muscle biopsy revealed myopathic changes with myotilin- and desmin-positive aggregates. Gene sequencing identified a myotilin S55F mutation. In both patients, MRI showed moderate to severe fatty atrophy of all four leg muscle compartments, extending up to the thigh musculature, mainly involving the biceps, femoris, semimembranosus, vasti and glutei muscles; intrinsic foot musculature was involved but to a lesser degree. In all six gene mutation carriers, aged from 21 to 63 years, clinical examinations showed no myopathic signs. MRI was normal in the youngest individual, whereas in the remaining five individuals the outstanding finding was fatty infiltration of the soleus muscles. CONCLUSIONS: Myotilin S55F mutations may cause a clinically distinct autosomal-dominant late-onset and lower-limb distal myopathic syndrome involving all four leg muscle compartments. MRI helps to reliably depict the topography of fatty muscle atrophy and to detect early leg muscle changes in asymptomatic gene mutation carriers. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Rheological behavior of gels and meloxicam release. Mar 21, 2007 Maria Adolfina Ruiz Martinez,Julián López-Viota Gallardo,María Muñoz de Benavides,Juan de Dios García López-Duran,Visitación Gallardo Lara The aim of this work was to identify a gel with suitable organoleptic and rheological properties (spreadability, texture and viscosity) for topical administration, designed to allow fast release of the active principle. The release of Meloxicam (anti-inflammatory agent) from olive oil lipogels was ... ( view more )compared with a Carbopol hydrophilic prepared gel. In order to improve the diffusion of the active principle, two different artificial membranes with different pore size were used, before release assays in diffusion cells were compared. Drug released rate were obtained by Higuchi's model. Release rate and rheological properties relations were studied, and the best results were obtained for the gel prepared with an olive oil emulgent (Olivem 900). ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles [Pharyngeal tuberculosis: a clinical case] Oct 1998 A Gallardo,R Ramírez,R Martínez,J M Castilla,J Gallardo,R Bañón A case of pharyngeal tuberculosis secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis is reported. The importance of biopsy for the histopathological and microbiological diagnosis is emphasized. View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles The ocular effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in dogs. Jun 2008 José M Molleda,Rodrigo H Tardón,José M Gallardo,Eva M Martín-Suárez The aim of the study was to determine the ocular safety of a single intravitreal dose of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) in dogs. Eleven healthy dogs received a single IVTA injection (8mg) through the mid-temporal pars-plana of the left eye (OS) using a 27G needle. The dogs were re-evaluated immedia... ( view more )tely post-IVTA, every 5min until pre-IVTA values had returned, then daily for 3 days, weekly for 1 month and monthly for 3 months. Immediately post-IVTA, all the treated eyes showed a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) with a mean value of 41.8+/-8.9mmHg. The IOP values then decreased progressively to 14.5+/-2.1mmHg at 12.2+/-3.8min post-IVTA. From then on, normal IOP values were maintained throughout the 3-month monitoring period. The most frequently observed clinical sign post-IVTA was conjunctival hyperaemia. The presence of triamcinolone acetonide in the vitreous was observed in all subsequent examinations of 10/11 eyes and there were still triamcinolone crystals in 5/11 eyes after 90 days. It was concluded that intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide in dogs is feasible under sedation. The immediate increase in IOP post-IVTA is short-lived and pressure quickly returns to pre-IVTA levels. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Influence of lipids in the generation of phenylacetaldehyde in wort-related model systems. May 14, 2008 Emerenciana Gallardo,David P De Schutter,Rosario Zamora,Guy Derdelinckx,Freddy R Delvaux,Francisco J Hidalgo The effect of lipids on the formation of the Strecker aldehyde phenylacetaldehyde during wort boiling was studied to determine the role that small changes in the lipid content of the wort have in the production of significant flavor compounds in beer. Wort was treated with 0-2.77 mmol per liter of ... ( view more )glucose, linoleic acid, or 2,4-decadienal and heated at 60-98 degrees C for 1 h. After this time, the amount of the Strecker aldehyde phenylacetaldehyde increased in the samples treated with linoleic acid or decadienal but not in the samples treated with glucose. Thus, the amount of phenylacetaldehyde produced in the presence of linoleic acid was 1.1-2.5 times the amount of the Strecker aldehyde produced in the control wort, and this amount increased to 3.6-4.6 times when decadienal was employed. The higher reactivity of decadienal than linoleic acid for this reaction decreased with temperature and was related to the oxidation of linoleic acid that occurred to a higher extent at higher temperatures. The above results suggest that lipids can contribute to the formation of Strecker aldehydes during wort boiling and that changes in the lipid content of the wort will produce significant changes in the formation of Strecker aldehydes in addition to other well-known consequences in beer quality and yeast metabolism. On the other hand, because of the high glucose content in wort, small changes in its content are not expected to affect the amount of Strecker aldehydes produced. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha transactivates Abcg2 and promotes cytoprotection in cardiac side population cells. May 9, 2008 Cindy M Martin,Anwarul Ferdous,Teresa Gallardo,Caroline Humphries,Hesham Sadek,Arianna Caprioli,Joseph A Garcia,Luke I Szweda,Mary G Garry,Daniel J Garry Stem and progenitor cell populations occupy a specialized niche and are consequently exposed to hypoxic as well as oxidative stresses. We have previously established that the multidrug resistance protein Abcg2 is the molecular determinant of the side population (SP) progenitor cell population. We o... ( view more )bserved that the cardiac SP cells increase in number more than 3-fold within 3 days of injury. Transcriptome analysis of the SP cells isolated from the injured adult murine heart reveals increased expression of cytoprotective transcripts. Overexpression of Abcg2 results in an increased ability to consume hydrogen peroxide and is associated with increased levels of alpha-glutathione reductase protein expression. Importantly, overexpression of Abcg2 also conferred a cell survival benefit following exposure to hydrogen peroxide. To further examine the molecular regulation of the Abcg2 gene, we demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2alpha binds an evolutionary conserved HIF-2alpha response element in the murine Abcg2 promoter. Transcriptional assays reveal a dose-dependent activation of Abcg2 expression by HIF-2alpha. These results support the hypothesis that Abcg2 is a direct downstream target of HIF-2alpha which functions with other factors to initiate a cytoprotective program for this progenitor SP cell population that resides in the adult heart. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Migration deficit in monocyte-macrophages in human ovarian cancer. May 2008 Ralph S Freedman,Qing Ma,Ena Wang,Stacie T Gallardo,Ilyssa O Gordon,Jeong Won Shin,Ping Jin,David Stroncek,Francesco M Marincola PURPOSE: To examine the migration responses of monocyte/macrophages (MO/MA) expressing complementary receptors to chemokines produced in the tumor environment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS: We examined the expression of the chemokine receptors, CCR1, CCR5, and CXCR4, on EOC associated... ( view more ) ascitic and blood MO/MA; their response to complementary chemokines in a MO/MA migration assay and the F-actin content in an actin polymerization assay. A validated cDNA microarray assay was then utilized to examine alterations in pathway genes that can be identified with cell migration. RESULTS: Ascitic and EOC blood MO/MA express CCR1, CCR5 and CXCR4, but differently. Cell surface expression levels for CCR1 and CCR5 were higher in ascites than that of normal blood in contrast to CXCR4 levels in ascitic MO/MA which were lower. EOC associated ascitic or blood MO/MA failed to migrate in response to the CC ligand RANTES and to the CXCR4 reactive chemokine, SDF1 (CXCL12). Ascitic and most EOC blood MO/MA also behaved differently from normal blood MO in the polymerization/depolymerization assay. A cDNA gene analysis of purified ascitic MO/MA demonstrated that a number of genes involved with chemokine production, focal adhesion, actin cytoskeletal function and leukocyte transendothelial migration were down-regulated in the ascitic MO/MA when compared to normal blood MO. Moreover, PBMC cDNA from EOC patients' blood also showed gene profiles similar to that of ascitic MO/MA. CONCLUSIONS: Defective migration and polymerization/depolymerization activity of MO/MA from EOC patients and a significant down-regulation of critical pathway genes suggest that other mechanisms might be involved in the accumulation of systemically derived MO at the tumor site of EOC patients. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Magnetite/poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) (core/shell) nanoparticles as 5-Fluorouracil delivery systems for active targeting. May 2008 José L Arias,Visitación Gallardo,M A Adolfina Ruiz,Angel V Delgado In this article, a reproducible emulsion polymerization process is described to prepare core/shell colloidal nanospheres, loaded with 5-Fluorouracil, and consisting of a magnetic core (magnetite) and a biodegradable polymeric shell [poly(ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate), poly(butylcyanoacrylate), poly(hexylc... ( view more )yanoacrylate), or poly(octylcyanoacrylate)]. The heterogeneous structure of these carriers can confer them both the possibility of being used as drug delivery systems and the responsiveness to external magnetic fields, allowing an active drug targeting without a concurrent systemic distribution. Zeta potential determinations as a function of ionic strength showed that the surface behaviour of the core/shell particles is similar to that of pure cyanoacrylate particles. The first magnetization curve of both magnetite and magnetite/polymer particles demonstrated that the polymer shell reduces the magnetic responsiveness of the particles, but keeps unchanged their ferrimagnetic character. Two drug loading mechanisms were studied: absorption or entrapment in the polymeric network, and surface adsorption. We found that the acidity of the medium had significant effects on the drug absorption per unit mass of polymer, and needs to be controlled to avoid formation of macroaggregates and to reach significant 5-Fluorouracil absorption. The type of polymer and the drug concentration are also main factors determining the drug incorporation to the core/shell particles. 5-Fluorouracil release evaluations showed a biphasic profile affected by the type of polymeric shell, the type of drug incorporation and the amount of drug loaded. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Acute myeloid dendritic cell leukaemia with specific cutaneous involvement: a diagnostic challenge. May 2008 M Ferran,F Gallardo,A M Ferrer,A Salar,E Pérez-Vila,N Juanpere,R Salgado,B Espinet,A Orfao,L Florensa,R M Pujol Myeloid or type 1 dendritic cell leukaemia is an exceedingly rare haematopoietic neoplasm characterized by a specific immunophenotypic profile close to plasmacytoid dendritic cell and acute myelogenous leukaemia. A 77-year-old man presenting specific cutaneous infiltration by myeloid dendritic cell... ( view more ) leukaemia is reported. The clinical features as well as the cutaneous histopathological and immunohistochemical features led to the initial diagnosis of CD4+/CD56+ haematodermic neoplasm. However, extensive immunophenotypic studies performed from peripheral blood blasts disclosed that leukaemic cells expressed myeloid dendritic cell markers, confirming the diagnosis. The diagnostic difficulties of specific cutaneous involvement by myeloid dendritic cell leukaemia on the basis of routine histopathological and immunohistochemical features are highlighted. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Per-6-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)cyclodextrins (TBDMS-CDs) in Langmuir monolayers: the importance of a spreading solvent in the preparation of LB layers suitable for sensor application. Apr 17, 2008 Micha? Flasi?ski,Marcin Broniatowski,Nuria Vila Romeu,Patrycja Dynarowicz-?atka,Amparo Gallardo Moreno,Antonio Mendez Vilas,M Luisa González Martín Commercially available amphiphilic cyclodextrins, namely per-6-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl) alpha, beta and gamma cyclodextrins (TBDMS-alpha-, -beta-, and -gamma-CDs) were subjected to a thorough Langmuir monolayer characterization, using both traditional methods of surface manometry (pi/A isotherms... ( view more ), stability experiments) and modern micrometer/nanometer resolution (BAM, AFM) surface techniques. It has been found that inconsistent behavior regarding the isotherms reproducibility obtained upon compression of TBDMS-beta-CDs is due to the aggregation of the investigated molecules in chloroform and hexane, while good reproducibility ensured a mixed spreading solvent system of hexane/isopropanol 7:3 (v/v). Although the stability of films dropped from chloroform and hexane/isopropanol solvents below the equilibrium surface pressure (ESP) was comparable, pronounced differences were observed at pressures above ESP. The investigated TBDMS-CDs were successfully transferred onto cadmium stearate covered mica substrates. AFM images confirmed the presence of discontinuous multilayered films (10 nm heights) spread from chloroform versus monomolecular dispersion achieved in hexane/isopropanol. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles NKG2D-deficient mice are defective in tumor surveillance in models of spontaneous malignancy. Apr 2008 Nadia Guerra,Ying Xim Tan,Nathalie T Joncker,Augustine Choy,Fermin Gallardo,Na Xiong,Susan Knoblaugh,Dragana Cado,Norman R Greenberg,David H Raulet Ligands for the NKG2D stimulatory receptor are frequently upregulated on tumor lines, rendering them sensitive to natural killer (NK) cells, but the role of NKG2D in tumor surveillance has not been addressed in spontaneous cancer models. Here, we provided the first characterization of NKG2D-deficie... ( view more )nt mice, including evidence that NKG2D was not necessary for NK cell development but was critical for immunosurveillance of epithelial and lymphoid malignancies in two transgenic models of de novo tumorigenesis. In both models, we detected NKG2D ligands on the tumor cell surface ex vivo, providing needed evidence for ligand expression by primary tumors. In a prostate cancer model, aggressive tumors arising in NKG2D-deficient mice expressed higher amounts of NKG2D ligands than did similar tumors in wild-type mice, suggesting an NKG2D-dependent immunoediting of tumors in this model. These findings provide important genetic evidence for surveillance of primary tumors by an NK receptor. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Use of an interferon-gamma release assay to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection in foreign-born patients. Apr 2008 Daniel Brodie,David J Lederer,Jade S Gallardo,Saumil H Trivedi,Joseph N Burzynski,Neil W Schluger BACKGROUND: The tuberculin skin test (TST) has a low specificity in the setting of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) appear to be more specific but have not been validated in this population under routine clinical conditions. We sought to validate th... ( view more )e routine clinical use of the T-SPOT.TB test (Oxford Immunotec; Oxford, UK), an IGRA, in a predominantly foreign-born population with a high rate of BCG vaccination. METHODS: We compared the TST and the T-SPOT.TB test in 96 subjects at a New York City Department of Health tuberculosis clinic. We aimed to determine which test better predicted being a close contact of a case of active tuberculosis, a surrogate for latent tuberculosis infection. RESULTS: A positive T-SPOT.TB test result was strongly associated with being a close contact of a case of active tuberculosis after adjustment for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 7.3; p = 0.03). A positive TST result was associated with being a contact only in subjects without BCG vaccination (p = 0.02). The T-SPOT.TB test was more specific for being a close contact than the TST (p < 0.001). Specificity in BCG-vaccinated subjects was 3% for the TST compared with 70% for the T-SPOT.TB test (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The T-SPOT.TB test is superior in routine clinical use to the TST for identifying high-risk individuals among foreign-born populations with high rates of BCG vaccination. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [Resection of 8 mediastinal bronchogenic cysts by video-assisted thoracoscopy] Apr 2008 Rafael Jiménez Merchán,Miguel Congregado Loscertales,Gregorio Gallardo Valera,Javier Ayarra Jarne,Jesús Loscertales Mediastinal bronchogenic cysts are an uncommon entity and surgical experience of their removal by video-assisted thoracoscopy is limited. We present our patient outcomes and surgical technique in the treatment of bronchogenic cysts by video-assisted thoracoscopy. The study included 8 patients (4 fe... ( view more )males and 4 males between the ages of 4 and 52 years), 7 of whom presented clinical symptoms. The mean widest diameter of the cyst was 7.6 cm. In 5 patients the cyst was in the middle mediastinum and in 3, the posterior mediastinum. The intervention was performed using 3 or 4 entry points. Initial puncture of the cyst and removal of its contents greatly facilitated cyst manipulation and subsequent dissection of the cyst sac from the structures to which it was attached. In all 8 cases resection by video-assisted thoracoscopy was carried out with no intraoperative complications. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.3 days. During follow-up, which ranged from 4 months to 10 years, no patients presented late-onset or recurrent complications. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles TLC1 RNA nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking links telomerase biogenesis to its recruitment to telomeres. Mar 5, 2008 Franck Gallardo,Catherine Olivier,Alain T Dandjinou,Raymund J Wellinger,Pascal Chartrand The yeast telomerase holoenzyme, which adds telomeric repeats at the chromosome ends, is composed of the TLC1 RNA and the associated proteins Est1, Est2 and Est3. To study the biogenesis of telomerase in endogenous conditions, we performed fluorescent in situ hybridization on the native TLC1 RNA. W... ( view more )e found that the telomerase RNA colocalizes with telomeres in G1- to S-phase cells. Strains lacking any one of the Est proteins accumulate TLC1 RNA in their cytoplasm, indicating that a critical stage of telomerase biogenesis could take place outside of the nucleus. We were able to demonstrate that endogenous TLC1 RNA shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, in association with the Crm1p exportin and the nuclear importins Mtr10p-Kap122p. Furthermore, nuclear retention of the TLC1 RNA is impaired in the absence of yKu70p, Tel1p or the MRX complex, which recruit telomerase to telomeres. Altogether, our results reveal that the nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking of the TLC1 RNA is an important step in telomere homeostasis, and link telomerase biogenesis to its recruitment to telomeres. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Study of carbonyl iron/poly(butylcyanoacrylate) (core/shell) particles as anticancer drug delivery systems Loading and release properties. Mar 3, 2008 José L Arias,Fernando Linares-Molinero,Visitación Gallardo,Angel V Delgado The aim of this study is to develop a detailed investigation of the capabilities of carbonyl iron/poly(butylcyanoacrylate) (core/shell) particles for the loading and release of 5-Fluorouracil and Ftorafur. The anionic polymerization procedure, used to obtain poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles f... ( view more )or drug delivery, was followed in the synthesis of the composite particles, except that the polymerization medium was a carbonyl iron suspension. The influence of the two mechanisms of drug incorporation (entrapment in the polymeric network and surface adsorption) on the drug loading and release profiles were investigated by means of spectrophotometric and electrophoretic measurements. The optimum loading conditions were ascertained and used to perform drug release evaluations. Among the factors affecting drug loading, both pH and drug concentration were found to be the main determining ones. For both drugs, the release profile was found to be biphasic, since the drug adsorbed on the surface was released rather rapidly (close to 100% in 1h), whereas the drug incorporated in the polymer matrix required between 10 and 20h to be fully released. The kinetics of the drug release from the core/shell particles was mainly controlled by the pH of the release medium, the type of drug incorporation, and the amount of drug loaded. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles A molecular pathway of neurodegeneration linking alpha-synuclein to ApoE and Abeta peptides. Mar 2008 Gilbert Gallardo,Oliver M Schlüter,Thomas C Südhof Pathogenic aggregates of alpha-synuclein are thought to contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease. Inclusion bodies containing alpha-synuclein are present in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, alpha-synuclein mutations are f... ( view more )ound in cases of familial Parkinson's disease, and transgenic overexpression of alpha-synuclein causes neurodegeneration in mice. The molecular mechanisms involved, however, remain incompletely understood. Here we show that, in transgenic mice, alpha-synuclein induced neurodegeneration involves activation of the ubiquitin/proteasome system, a massive increase in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) levels and accumulation of insoluble mouse Abeta. ApoE was not protective, but was injurious, as deletion of ApoE delayed the neurodegeneration caused by alpha-synuclein and suppressed the accumulation of Abeta. Our data reveal a molecular link between central pathogenic mechanisms implicated in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease and suggest that intracellular alpha-synuclein is pathogenic, at least in part, by activation of extracellular signaling pathways involving ApoE. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Correlation between dental maturation and bone growth markers in paediatric patients. Mar 2008 R Mourelle,E Barbería,N Gallardo,T Lucavechi AIM: Many studies have been made to evaluate the growth, development and maturation of cervical vertebrae. These studies make clear how those vertebrae have growth patterns and centre of ossification similar to those in carpal bones, therefore cervical vertebrae can be used to determine bone age. T... ( view more )he aim of the present study is the observation of cervical vertebrae in cephalometric radiographs to determine the bone age in a paediatric population and relate it to dental maturation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample was composed of 203 children from Madrid, aged between 2 and 10 years. There were 86 males and 117 females, in each case a panoramic was taken to determine dental calcification using Demirjian method and a cephalometric radiograph was taken to evaluate cervical vertebrae maturation. Different vertical and horizontal dimensions were measured to determine maturation. RESULTS: The results show that there is a positive relationship between age and size of cervical vertebrae. The average horizontal measurements of the third, fourth and fifth cervical vertebrae presented statistically significant differences in size (p<0.05), being larger in boys than in girls. Statistical correlation was found between dental maturation and increased left vertical measures from third (C3VI) and fourth cervical vertebrae (C4VI), as well as middle vertical measure from fourth cervical vertebra (C4VMD). CONCLUSION: Significant changes in size were observed only in vertical measurements and the predictive measurements for dental maturation were C4VI, C4VMD and C3VI. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles PIK3CA mutations in the kinase domain (exon 20) of uterine endometrial adenocarcinomas are associated with adverse prognostic parameters. Feb 2008 Lluis Catasus,Alberto Gallardo,Miriam Cuatrecasas,Jaime Prat Mutations of the oncogene PIK3CA occur frequently in endometrial carcinomas, but their prognostic significance is unclear. To determine the clinicopathological and molecular implications of these mutations, PIK3CA status was investigated in 109 endometrial (102 endometrioid and 7 mixed) carcinomas ... ( view more )and the results were compared with clinicopathological parameters associated with prognosis. Tumors were also investigated for microsatellite instability and PTEN, beta-catenin gene (CTNNB1), K-RAS, and B-RAF mutations. We found 35 PIK3CA somatic missense mutations in 32 (29%) endometrial carcinomas. Eighteen mutations occurred in exon 20 (kinase domain), and 17 in exon 9 (helical domain). Almost all mutated tumors were pure endometrioid adenocarcinomas. All tumors with PIK3CA mutations exhibited myometrial invasion (P=0.032). Lymphovascular invasion was found more frequently in mutated (28%) than nonmutated carcinomas (18%). Histological grade varied significantly according to the location of the PIK3CA mutations whether in exon 9 or exon 20 (P=0.033). The frequency of exon 9 mutations was higher in grade 1 carcinomas (57%) than in grade 2 (29%) or grade 3 (14%) tumors. Conversely, mutations in exon 20 were more common in grade 3 (60%) than in grade 2 (20%) or grade 1 (20%) carcinomas. None of the tumors confined to the endometrium (stage IA) had PIK3CA mutations. Furthermore, whereas 64% of adenocarcinomas with exon 9 mutations had invaded < or =(1/2) of the myometrial thickness (stage IB), 73% of tumors with exon 20 mutations had either deeper myometrial invasion (stage IC) or cervical involvement (stage II) (P=0.045). PIK3CA mutations coexisted with microsatellite instability and mutations in PTEN, CTNNB1, K-RAS, and B-RAF genes. These results favor that PIK3CA mutations are associated with myometrial invasion and, moreover, that tumors harboring PIK3CA mutations in exon 20 are frequently high-grade, deeply invasive endometrial carcinomas that tend to exhibit lymphovascular invasion. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Contrast-enhanced 3.0-T breast MRI for characterization of breast lesions: increased specificity by using vascular maps. Feb 2008 A C Schmitz,N H G M Peters,W B Veldhuis,A M Fernandez Gallardo,P J van Diest,G Stapper,R van Hillegersberg,W P Th M Mali,M A A J van den Bosch PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced 3.0-T breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for differentiating benign from malignant breast masses and subsequently to test if specificity could be further improved by scoring of the overall ipsilateral breast vascularity. MATERIALS... ( view more ) AND METHODS: Fifty-four patients were prospectively enrolled in the study and underwent contrast-enhanced 3.0-T breast MRI. MR images were evaluated and classified according to the MRI BI-RADS lexicon criteria. Lesion size, number of lesions, and localization in the breast were systematically assessed. Maximum intensity projections (MIPS) were obtained by using high-resolution contrast-enhanced (0.1 mmol/kg gadobutrol) fat-saturated T1-weighted images. Breast vascularization was scored according to the methods from Sardanelli et al. by measuring the number, diameter, and length of the vessels on the MIPS. The score ranged from 0 (indicating absent or low breast vascularity) to 3 (indicating high breast vascularity). RESULTS: Final analysis of 56 lesions revealed 25 (45%) malignant lesions and 31 (55%) benign lesions. Correlation with the MRI BI-RADS classification revealed cancer in none (0%) of the BI-RADS II lesions, in 1 (12%) of the BI-RADS III lesions, in 5 (83%) of the BI-RADS IV lesions, and in 19 (100%) of the BI-RADS V lesions. Based on morphologic and kinetic data analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of 3.0-T breast MRI was 100% (25/25) and 74% (23/31), respectively. After adjustment for the breast vascularity score, specificity significantly (p = 0.048) increased to 87% (27/31) without affecting sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced 3.0-T breast MRI increased significantly when the vascularity score was added to the standard morphologic and kinetic data analysis, resulting in a specificity of 87% without affecting sensitivity, which remained 100%. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles OPA1 mutations induce mitochondrial DNA instability and optic atrophy 'plus' phenotypes. Feb 2008 Patrizia Amati-Bonneau,Maria Lucia Valentino,Pascal Reynier,Maria Esther Gallardo,Belén Bornstein,Anne Boissière,Yolanda Campos,Henry Rivera,Jesús González de la Aleja,Rosanna Carroccia,Luisa Iommarini,Pierre Labauge,Dominique Figarella-Branger,Pascale Marcorelles,Alain Furby,Katell Beauvais,Franck Letournel,Rocco Liguori,Chiara La Morgia,Pasquale Montagna,Maria Liguori,Claudia Zanna,Michela Rugolo,Andrea Cossarizza,Bernd Wissinger,Christophe Verny,Robert Schwarzenbacher,Miguel Angel Martín,Joaquín Arenas,Carmen Ayuso,Rafael Garesse,Guy Lenaers,Dominique Bonneau,Valerio Carelli Mutations in OPA1, a dynamin-related GTPase involved in mitochondrial fusion, cristae organization and control of apoptosis, have been linked to non-syndromic optic neuropathy transmitted as an autosomal-dominant trait (DOA). We here report on eight patients from six independent families showing th... ( view more )at mutations in the OPA1 gene can also be responsible for a syndromic form of DOA associated with sensorineural deafness, ataxia, axonal sensory-motor polyneuropathy, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and mitochondrial myopathy with cytochrome c oxidase negative and Ragged Red Fibres. Most remarkably, we demonstrate that these patients all harboured multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in their skeletal muscle, thus revealing an unrecognized role of the OPA1 protein in mtDNA stability. The five OPA1 mutations associated with these DOA 'plus' phenotypes were all mis-sense point mutations affecting highly conserved amino acid positions and the nuclear genes previously known to induce mtDNA multiple deletions such as POLG1, PEO1 (Twinkle) and SLC25A4 (ANT1) were ruled out. Our results show that certain OPA1 mutations exert a dominant negative effect responsible for multi-systemic disease, closely related to classical mitochondrial cytopathies, by a mechanism involving mtDNA instability. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Simultaneous panniculectomy and ventral hernia repair following weight reduction after gastric bypass surgery: is it safe? Feb 2008 Andrew Saxe,Scott Schwartz,Lori Gallardo,Eanas Yassa,Abd Alghanem BACKGROUND: Successful obesity surgery often results months later in redundant abdominal skin and subcutaneous tissue. Following open obesity surgery, ventral hernias are also common, yet little has been written about the safety of combining panniculectomy with ventral hernia repair. We performed a... ( view more ) retrospective analysis of a single plastic surgeon's experience with panniculectomy following gastric bypass surgery including both patients undergoing and those not undergoing simultaneous ventral hernia repair. METHODS: We reviewed the hospital and office records of patients undergoing panniculectomy at two university-affiliated community hospitals from March 2002 to February 2005 following gastric bypass surgery. RESULTS: The records of 100 patients (91 women) were available for review. Median age was 48 (range 25-65) and median interval between bypass surgery and panniculectomy was 23 months (range 6-286). Median decrease in BMI was 19 (range 13-47). Eighty-three patients underwent panniculectomy combined with at least one other procedure, most commonly ventral hernia repair (70) and buttock lift (9). Forty hernia repairs were performed with mesh. No patient required mesh removal in the postoperative period. Median length of hospital stay was 3 days (range 1-7). Twenty-nine patients required outpatient sharp debridement. Ten patients were readmitted for management of wound complications. No patients sustained a stroke, myocardial infarction, or pulmonary embolus. There was no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Following obesity surgery, simultaneous ventral hernia repair and panniculectomy can be accomplished safely with short hospital stays and few in-hospital complications. Postoperative wound problems are not infrequent but can be managed in the outpatient setting. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Discovery and structure-activity relationship of (1R)-8-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-methyl-1H-3-benzazepine (Lorcaserin), a selective serotonin 5-HT2C receptor agonist for the treatment of obesity. Jan 24, 2008 Brian M Smith,Jeffrey M Smith,James H Tsai,Jeffrey A Schultz,Charles A Gilson,Scott A Estrada,Rita R Chen,Douglas M Park,Emily B Prieto,Charlemagne S Gallardo,Dipanjan Sengupta,Peter I Dosa,Jon A Covel,Albert Ren,Robert R Webb,Nigel R A Beeley,Michael Martin,Michael Morgan,Stephen Espitia,Hazel R Saldana,Christina Bjenning,Kevin T Whelan,Andrew J Grottick,Frederique Menzaghi,William J Thomsen The synthesis and SAR of a novel 3-benzazepine series of 5-HT2C agonists is described. Compound 7d (lorcaserin, APD356) was identified as one of the more potent and selective compounds in vitro (pEC50 values in functional assays measuring [(3)H]phosphoinositol turnover: 5-HT2C = 8.1; 5-HT2A = 6.8; ... ( view more )5-HT2B = 6.1) and was potent in an acute in vivo rat food intake model upon oral administration (ED50 at 6 h = 18 mg/kg). Lorcaserin was further characterized in a single-dose pharmacokinetic study in rat (t1/2 = 3.7 h; F = 86%) and a 28-day model of weight gain in growing Sprague-Dawley rat (8.5% decrease in weight gain observed at 36 mg/kg b.i.d.). Lorcaserin was selected for further evaluation in clinical trials for the treatment of obesity. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Tegafur loading and release properties of magnetite/poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) (core/shell) nanoparticles. Jan 4, 2008 José L Arias,M Adolfina Ruiz,Visitación Gallardo,Angel V Delgado In this work, we describe a reproducible method to prepare polymeric colloidal nanospheres of poly(ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate), poly(butylcyanoacrylate), poly(hexylcyanoacrylate) and poly(octylcyanoacrylate) with a magnetite core, and loaded with the anticancer drug Tegafur. The method is based on the e... ( view more )mulsion polymerization procedure, often used in the synthesis of poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanospheres for drug delivery. The heterogeneous structure of the particles confer them both magnetic-field responsiveness and potential applicability as drug carriers. In order to investigate to what extent is this target achieved, we compare the surface electrical properties of the core/shell particles with those of both the nucleus and the coating material. The hysteresis cycles of both magnetite and composite particles demonstrate that the polymer shell reduces the magnetic responsiveness of the particles, but keeps their soft ferrimagnetic character unchanged. A detailed investigation of the capabilities of the core/shell particles to load this drug is shown. We found, by means of spectrophotometric and electrophoretic measurements, the existence of two drug loading mechanisms: absorption or entrapment in the polymeric network, and surface adsorption. The type of polymer, the pH and the drug concentration are the main factors determining the drug incorporation to the nanoparticles. The release studies showed a biphasic profile affected by the type of polymeric shell, the type of drug incorporation and the amount of drug loaded. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Page 1 of 39 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (969 articles found)

      
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