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GST Primary GST Primary Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Im... Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Improvement - Diabetes Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibio... Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-b... Systematic review assessing the effect of ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibiotics Management Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-based Practice Center, 117 Encina Commons, Stanford, CA 94305-6019, Kathy.mcdonald@stanford.edu Systematic review assessing the effect of quality improvement strategies on appropriate prescribing of antibiotics and appropriate choice of antibiotics. Adherence Adherence Assistive Devices Assistive Devices Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan CLSA_9 CLSA_9 Cyberabuse Cyberabuse Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent ... This review included randomized trials abo... Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent Men who Batter Their Partners This review included randomized trials about the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on domestic violence. The intervention included programs based on the Duluth Model. The violence had to be committed by a male toward his female partner. The violence also had to be physical. The primary outcomes were new arrests and convictions, and new reports of violence. CABG vs PCI CABG vs PCI Quality Improvement Strategies for Prevent... Quality Improvement Strategies for Preventing Nosocomial Infections (Created 17-Feb-06) Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma Control Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce S... This review was the first part of a projec... Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the first part of a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of smoking cessation interventions on reducing socio-economic differences. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio... This review was the second part in a proje... Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the second part in a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of interventions on reducing socio-economic differences in diet and physical activity. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the d... Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the data in the published report. We used SRS only for an updated search. The review included randomized trials about the effect of welfare-to-work programs. Participants were welfare recipients. There were basically two types of programs. The educational type tried to build knowledge and skills in order to help the welfare recipients acquire jobs that could support them economically. The "work first" approach was more aimed at getting the participants quickly into a job. Exercise interventions for the management ... The objective of this systematic review wa... Exercise interventions for the management of frailty The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of current exercise interventions on the management of frailty. A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Psycinfo, Cinahl, Scopus, Ageline, Eric, and SportDiscus databases was conducted and produced 1808 citations. So far we have completed 2 levels of “title and abstract” screening and we ended up with 262 articles. We have just started the full text screening. Eligibility criteria included original studies whose participants were identified as frail or prefrail with specific criteria and in which structured physical activity was included as at least one component of the intervention. Create a free account, build a dictionary with saved terms to re-use later! Public Domestic Violence - Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Workfare Exercise Interventions for the Management of Frailty Search     Simple Advanced Refine (4 coded questions)  Any of these:   Exact Phrase: All of these: None of these: Author: Periodical: Projects: No restrictions   Libraries: Public   Select SRS Projects Show Saved Terms Select Library Show articles that do not have abstracts  Humans or Animals Humans Animals Ages All Infant: birth-23 months All Child: 0-18 years All Adult: 19+ years Newborn: birth-1 month Infant: 1-23 months Preschool Child: 2-5 years Child: 6-12 years Adolescent: 13-18 years Adult: 19-44 years Middle Aged: 45-64 years Middle Aged + Aged: 45+ years Aged: 65+ years 80 and over: 80+ years Undetermined Type of Article Clinical Trial Editorial Letter Meta-Analysis Practice Guideline Randomized Controlled Trial Review Addresses Bibliography Biography Case Reports Classical Article Clinical Conference Clinical Trial, Phase I Clinical Trial, Phase II Clinical Trial, Phase III Clinical Trial, Phase IV Comment Comparative Study Consensus Development Conference Consensus Development Conference, NIH Controlled Clinical Trial Corrected and Republished Article Dictionary Directory Duplicate Publication English Abstract Evaluation Studies Festschrift Government Publications Guideline Historical Article Interview In Vitro Journal Article Lectures Legal Cases Legislation Multicenter Study News Newspaper Article Overall Patient Education Handout Periodical Index Published Erratum Retracted Publication Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 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Retraction of Publication Scientific Integrity Review Support of Research Technical Report Twin Study Validation Studies Not a Primary Study or Review Unknown Primary Study Case Series Case Control Cohort Study Observational Study Qualitative Research CBA or ITS Registry Double Blind Controlled before after study Quasi-randomized trial Simple before after study Cluster-RCT Non-Randomized Study Report Book Book chapter Dissertation Conference procedings Secondary Research Not RCT Language English French German Italian Japanese Russian Spanish Afrikaans Albanian Unknown Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Chinese Croatian Czech Danish Dutch Esperanto Estonian Finnish Georgian Greek, Modern Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Kinyarwanda Korean Latin Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Malay Malayalam Maori Multiple Languages Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Pushto Romanian Sanskrit Scottish gaelic Serbian Slovak Slovenian Swedish Thai Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese Not English Not French Results(1-25 of 138) Sort By: Publication Date Relevance Took: 2.507 seconds to search 17,750,454  Action: Copy Results to new Clipboard Build Search Link Page 1 of 6 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (138 articles found) A new supraglottic airway, the Elisha Airway Device: a preliminary study. Jul 2004 Sonia J Vaida,Diana Gaitini,Bruce Ben-David,Mostafa Somri,Carin A Hagberg,Luis A Gaitini We describe the Elisha Airway Device (EAD), a new reusable supraglottic ventilatory device. Its uniqueness consists of its ability to combine three functions in a single device: ventilation, blind and/or fiberoptic-aided intubation without interruption of ventilation, and gastric tube insertion. Th... ( view more )is study was performed in 70 ASA status I-II, Mallampati class I-II patients undergoing elective knee arthroscopy and receiving general anesthesia with mechanical ventilation. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl and propofol and was maintained with isoflurane in N20/oxygen. Neuromuscular blockade was achieved with vecuronium. Blind insertion of the device was successful in 96% of patients, with a mean insertion time of 20 +/- 4 s. In these patients it was possible to maintain oxygenation and ventilation throughout the surgical procedure. Gastric tube insertion was successful in all cases. Endotracheal intubation via the EAD was attempted in 20 patients. Blind intubation was possible during the first and second attempts in 15 and 2 patients, respectively. Fiberoptic intubation was then successful in two of the remaining three patients. The EAD is a new alternative in the evolution of supraglottic ventilatory devices; however, further clinical studies are necessary to evaluate its efficacy. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Postdural puncture headache: an imaging-guided management protocol. Jun 2003 Mostafa Somri,Christian B Teszler,Sonia J Vaida,Boris Yanovski,Diana Gaitini,Riad Tome,Milo Fradis,Luis A Gaitini IMPLICATIONS: We propose an imaging-based algorithm for the management of headache caused by the inadvertent puncture of dura that occurs sporadically during epidural analgesia. Its implementation can identify those postdural puncture headache cases that cannot benefit from epidural blood patches, ... ( view more )and their unnecessary application can consequently be avoided. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Diagnosing acute appendicitis in adults: accuracy of color Doppler sonography and MDCT compared with surgery and clinical follow-up. May 2008 Diana Gaitini,Nira Beck-Razi,David Mor-Yosef,Doron Fischer,Ofer Ben Itzhak,Michael M Krausz,Ahuva Engel OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of color Doppler sonography and contrast-enhanced MDCT in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in adults and their utility as a triage tool in lower abdominal pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 420 consec... ( view more )utive adult patients, 271 women and 149 men, 18 years old or older, referred from the emergency department to sonography examination for clinically suspected acute appendicitis between January 2003 and June 2006. Patients underwent sonography of the right upper abdomen and pelvis followed by graded compression and color Doppler sonography of the right lower quadrant. CT was performed in 132 patients due to inconclusive sonography findings or a discrepancy between the clinical diagnosis and the sonography diagnosis. Sonography and CT reports were compared with surgery or clinical follow-up as the reference standard. Statistical analyses were performed by Pearson's chi-square test and cross-tabulation software. RESULTS: Sonography and CT correctly diagnosed acute appendicitis in 66 of 75 patients and in 38 of 39 patients, respectively, and correctly denied acute appendicitis in 312 of 326 and in 92 of 92 patients. Sonography was inconclusive in 17 of 418 cases and CT, in one of 132 cases. Sonography and CT allowed alternative diagnoses in 82 and 42 patients, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for sonography were 74.2%, 97%, 88%, 93%, and 92%, respectively, and for CT, 100%, 98.9%, 97.4%, 100%, and 99%. CONCLUSION: Sonography should be the first imaging technique in adult patients for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and triage of acute abdominal pain. CT should be used as a complementary study for selected cases. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Evaluating tissue changes with ultrasound during radiofrequency ablation. Apr 2008 Diana Gaitini,Morris Zivari,Sobhi Abadi,S Nahum Goldberg,Dan Adam The purpose of this study was to estimate tissue changes during radiofrequency (RF) ablation by correlating echo frequency shifts and temperature elevations. Experiments were performed on phantoms (tissue mimicking gel) and in-vitro turkey breast. Heating was performed with a modified RF-ablation s... ( view more )ystem. Intermittent RF was applied and the temperature at the electrode tip was continually measured by an embedded thermocouple. Various voltages (10-30V) were applied to achieve a wide range of temperature elevations between 10 and 80 degrees C and ablation sizes between 5 and 27 mm in width. B-mode images and raw data were acquired every 5 s by a modified ultrasound imaging system. The raw data from each line and frame was processed using an algorithm to measure spectral shifts of the echo signals in the power spectrum. The phantom experiments showed positive frequency shifts as the temperature rose, with dependency on the heating rate. A linear relationship (R(2) > 0.96) was found between the RF-applied voltage and the width of the heated area, defined by frequency changes larger than 0.05 MHz. In-vitro experiments showed a correlation (R(2) = 0.84) between the width of the coagulated area and the maximal width of the region with more than 0.12 MHz frequency shifts, but a lower correlation (R(2) = 0.4) between the width of the coagulated area and the temperature elevation. In conclusion, correlation was found between echo frequency shifts and temperature elevations and between echo frequency shifts and the width of the ablated area during intermittent RF ablation. Our results suggest that, with further refinement and validation, ultrasound could be used to measure RF heating and its induced coagulation. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Comparison of the CobraPLA (Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway) and the Laryngeal Mask Airway Unique in children under pressure controlled ventilation. Apr 2008 Luis Gaitini,Nurit Carmi,Boris Yanovski,Riad Tome,Igor Resnikov,Igor Gankin,Mostafa Somri,David Alfery BACKGROUND: The Laryngeal Mask Airway-Unique (LMAU) and CobraPLA (Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway) are supraglottic airway devices. There are no published studies comparing these devices in children breathing with pressure controlled ventilation (PCV). METHODS: Eighty pediatric patients, scheduled for e... ( view more )lective general surgery of short duration, were randomly assigned to have either a CobraPLA or a LMAU used for airway management using PCV. We compared the devices with respect to (i) ability to form an effective cuff seal, (ii) oxygenation, (iii) endtidal carbon dioxide level, (iv) time to achieve an effective airway, (v) airway interventions required for insertion, (vi) fiberoptic score, (vii) respiratory variables and (vii) adverse events. RESULTS: Cuff seal pressure was significantly higher for CobraPLA (27.08 +/- 4.15 cmH(2)O) than for LMAU (20.91 +/- 2.47 cmH(2)O). Oxygenation was similar in both groups while the mean endtidal CO(2) in the CobraPLA group was significantly higher than in the LMAU group (36.47 +/- 1.93 mmHg vs 34.71 +/- 3.05 mmHg, P = 0.021). Time and ease of insertion were similar, with CobraPLA requiring more frequent jaw lift and LMAU requiring more frequent adjustment of the head and neck to achieve a proper position. Fiberoptic scores were excellent with both devices. Respiratory variables were similar with the exception that the plateau pressure and mean peak pressures were significantly lower with CobraPLA. There was a low rate of blood mucosal staining of the devices. No patient in either group reported a sore throat. CONCLUSIONS: Both devices appear to be safe and effective in establishing an adequate airway in healthy children undergoing surgery of short duration with PCV. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [The laryngeal tube] Apr 2008 L Gaitini,V Madrid,M Capdevila,J J Ariño The laryngeal tube (VBM Medizintechnic GmbH, Sulz, Germany) is a supraglottic device designed for airway management in spontaneous or positive-pressure ventilation during anesthesia or in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Currently, the tube is available in 4 versions: the standard laryngeal tube, the... ( view more ) disposable tube (LT-D), the dual-lumen tube (with a tube for suction) (LTS II), and the disposable LTS (LTS-D). The design of the tube has been modified several times. It is easy to insert and the airway seal is more effective than that of the laryngeal mask. The incidence of complications is similar for both devices, though use of the laryngeal tube requires more adjustments. The standard tube is somewhat less effective than the ProSeal laryngeal mask, though the new LTS II has been improved considerably. The laryngeal tube is effective as an aid to management of the difficult airway. We reviewed the literature indexed on MEDLINE through December 2006 using the search terms laryngeal tube, anesthesia, equipment, and airway. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Utility of sonographically guided biopsy in metabolically suspected recurrent lymphoma. Feb 2008 Michalle Soudack,Rachel Bar Shalom,Ora Israel,Yehudith Ben-Arie,Zofia Levy,Diana Gaitini OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of sonographically guided biopsy of [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid foci on positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in patients with lymphoma. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical reco... ( view more )rds of 56 patients with lymphoma (25 male and 31 female; mean age, 48.5 years; range, 22-80 years) who underwent sonographically guided biopsy of hypermetabolic FDG-avid foci precisely localized by PET/CT. Biopsies were performed up to 3 months after PET/CT. The accuracy of core biopsy was calculated and compared with clinical follow-up and histopathologic results of open biopsy. RESULTS: Sixty-six sonographically guided biopsies were performed in the 56 patients. Histopathologic results were conclusive in 53 (80%) of 66. No complications occurred during or after the procedure. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy for diagnosis of lymphoma were 100%, 95%, 97%, and 98%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided biopsy is a safe and effective means for investigating metabolically active lesions on FDG-PET/CT in patients with known lymphoma. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Sonographic evaluation of vascular injuries. Jan 2008 Diana Gaitini,Nira Beck Razi,Eduard Ghersin,Amos Ofer,Michalle Soudack OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this presentation is to highlight the color Doppler duplex sonographic features of procedure-related and blunt or penetrating trauma-related vascular injuries. METHODS: Different kinds of vascular complications such as pseudoaneurysms, arteriovenous fistulas, dissection, a... ( view more )nd thrombosis are discussed. Cases of vascular injuries in the extremities, neck, and abdomen are presented to illustrate the spectrum of sonographic appearances. RESULTS: Color Doppler duplex sonography is valuable in the diagnosis and monitoring of most vessel injuries and in the treatment of pseudoaneurysms. It is useful for flow analysis and for follow-up after treatment. However, because of limitations inherent to sonography, such as bones, air, casts, skin burns, and relatively slow performance of the test, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and angiography are necessary for further evaluation in selected cases. CONCLUSIONS: Color Doppler duplex sonography is a widely available, noninvasive, and accurate technique for evaluating vascular injuries and should be the first-line imaging modality in most patients. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia in major abdominal surgery in high-risk neonates and infants. Nov 2007 Mostafa Somri,Riad Tome,Boris Yanovski,Eldar Asfandiarov,Nurit Carmi,Joerge Mogilner,Bader David,Luis A Gaitini BACKGROUND: Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSE-A) is reportedly safe and effective for the pediatric population in infraumbilical surgery. Our main purpose was to describe our experience of this technique in neonates and infants undergoing elective major upper abdominal surgery. METHODS: Spin... ( view more )al anesthesia was performed in 28 neonates and infants with isobaric bupivacaine 0.5%, 1 mg.kg(-1) followed by placement of a caudal epidural catheter to thoracic spinal segments. The catheter tip position was confirmed radiographically. Respiratory and hemodynamic data were collected before and after the CSE-A and throughout the operation, as a measure of anesthetic effectiveness. Complications related to the anesthesia technique were collected as a measure of the anesthetic technique safety. RESULTS: Satisfactory surgical anesthesia was achieved in 24 neonates and infants, four patients were converted to general anesthesia. Respiratory and hemodynamic variables did not change significantly during surgery, compared with baseline values: oxygen saturation (P = 0.07), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (P = 0.143, P = 0.198 respectively), heart rate (P = 0.080) and respiratory rate (P = 0.127). However, twenty infants were fussy during the surgical procedures and were calmed with intravenous midazolam; our patients required oxygen supplementation and transient manual ventilation intraoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia could be considered as an effective anesthetic technique for elective major upper abdominal surgery in awake or sedated neonates and infants, and could be used cautiously by a pediatric anesthesiologist as an alternate to general anesthesia in high-risk neonates and infants undergoing upper gastrointestinal surgery. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles The utility of focused assessment with sonography for trauma as a triage tool in multiple-casualty incidents during the second Lebanon war. Sep 2007 Nira Beck-Razi,Doron Fischer,Moshe Michaelson,Ahuva Engel,Diana Gaitini OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) as a triage tool in multiple-casualty incidents (MCIs) for a single international conflict. METHODS: The charts of 849 casualties that arrived at our level 1 trauma referral center ... ( view more )were reviewed. Casualties were initially triaged according to the Injury Severity Score at the emergency department gate. Two-hundred eighty-one physically injured patients, 215 soldiers (76.5%) and 66 civilians (23.5%), were admitted. Focused assessment with sonography for trauma was performed in 102 casualties suspected to have an abdominal injury. Sixty-eight underwent computed tomography (CT); 12 underwent laparotomy; and 28 were kept under clinical observation alone. We compared FAST results against CT, laparotomy, and clinical observation records. RESULTS: Focused assessment with sonography for trauma results were positive in 17 casualties and negative in 85. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of FAST were 75%, 97.6%, 88.2%, 94.1%, and 93.1%, respectively. A strong correlation between FAST and CT results, laparotomy, and clinical observation was obtained (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In a setting of a war conflict-related MCI, FAST enabled immediate triage of casualties to laparotomy, CT, or clinical observation. Because of its moderate sensitivity, a negative FAST result with strong clinical suspicion demands further evaluation, especially in an MCI. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Does adding intravenous fentanyl to caudal block in children enhance the efficacy of multimodal analgesia as reflected in the plasma level of catecholamines? May 2007 M Somri,R Tome,C B Teszler,S J Vaida,J Mogilner,A Shneeifi,L Nurit,G Avital,O Zinder,L A Gaitini BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several studies showed that single analgesic modality management can attenuate perioperative stress, but little is known about the effect of multimodal analgesia on catecholamine responses to surgical trauma in children. METHODS: Fifty children (American Society of Anesthe... ( view more )siologists Grade I or II) were randomly allocated to one of two groups: one received general anaesthesia and a caudal block (control group), and one group was given general anaesthesia, caudal block and intravenous (i.v.) fentanyl 2 microg kg(-1) (fentanyl group). Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were measured three times during the perioperative period: at induction time (T(0)), at the end of surgery (T(1)) and when the children were fully awake in the postanaesthesia care unit (T(2)). RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the catecholamine levels in the two groups when (T(1)) and (T(2)) were compared with T(0). When plasma epinephrine levels (at T(0), T(1) and T(2)) between the two groups were compared, a statistically significant reduction at T(2) was obtained in the fentanyl group, when compared with the control group. However, plasma norepinephrine levels showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (at T(0), T(1) and T(2)). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the multimodal analgesic approach of adding i.v. low-dose fentanyl to a caudal block may decrease the plasma epinephrine release in children undergoing inguinal herniotomy. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Immuno-chemotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: long-term results from the rambam and linn medical centers, Haifa, Israel. Feb 2007 E Gez,R Rubinov,D Gaitini,S Meretyk,L-A Best,T Mashiach,O Native,A Stein,A Kuten Nephrectomy, immuno-chemotherapy and resection of residual disease have been the treatment of choice for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma during the past decades. The aim of this study was to report the long-term results of this treatment approach. Sixty-two patients with metastatic re... ( view more )nal cell carcinoma participated in a Phase II study. At diagnosis, 32 patients had localized disease, 30 had metastatic disease and 53 underwent nephrectomy. Metastatic sites were lungs, lymph nodes, bones and liver. Immuno-chemotherapy consisted of: interleukin-2, interferon alpha, 5-fluorouracil and vinblastine. All patients were evaluated for toxicity and response to treatment. CR was achieved in 4 patients and PR in 14. Seven patients, with maximum response to immuno-chemotherapy underwent resection of residual tumor and reached CR. Therefore, CR was achieved in 11 patients (18%) with a median survival of +67 months. Flu-like symptoms were the common side effects. Performance status and histology type significantly affected survival. Nephrectomy, immuno-chemotherapy and resection of residual disease are recommended for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Multimodality imaging of the peripheral venous system. 2007 Diana Gaitini The purpose of this article is to review the spectrum of image-based diagnostic tools used in the investigation of suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Summary of the experience gained by the author as well as relevant publications, regarding vein imaging modalities taken from a computerized datab... ( view more )ase, was reviewed. The imaging modalities reviewed include phlebography, color Doppler duplex ultrasonography (CDDUS), computerized tomography angiography (CTA) and venography (CTV), magnetic resonance venography (MRV), and radionuclide venography (RNV). CDDUS is recommended as the modality of choice for the diagnosis of DVT. A strategy combining clinical score and D-dimer test refines the selection of patients. Phlebography is reserved for discrepant noninvasive studies. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Prevalence of upper extremity deep venous thrombosis diagnosed by color Doppler duplex sonography in cancer patients with central venous catheters. Oct 2006 Diana Gaitini,Nira Beck-Razi,Nissim Haim,Benjamin Brenner OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to review the literature concerning upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT) diagnosed by color Doppler duplex sonography (CDDS) in cancer patients with indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs). METHODS: From computerized databases (MEDLINE and Ovid)... ( view more ), relevant publications regarding CDDS of the upper limb veins in cancer patients with CVCs were reviewed. RESULTS: Patients with malignancy have a higher rate of thrombosis, which is increased by the presence of CVCs. Screening CDDS in asymptomatic patients showed CVC-related UEDVT in 11.7% to 44% of patients. In symptomatic cancer patients, the range was similar to the asymptomatic ones, 6.7% to 48%. The presence of a CVC almost doubled the incidence of UEDVT in symptomatic patients. Color Doppler duplex sonography is an accurate examination for the diagnosis of UEDVT, with sensitivity ranging from 78% to 100% and specificity ranging from 82% to 100%. The main obstacle for the diagnosis of UEDVT is the presence of overlying bones, making it difficult to visualize and impossible to directly assess by compression techniques. Color and spectral Doppler sonography and the use of small transducers aid in the diagnosis. When several parameters are evaluated in combination, CDDS is a reliable method for diagnosing CVC-related thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: Great variability in the prevalence of catheter-related thrombosis in cancer patients has been reported, although it is uniformly higher compared with patients without cancer. Color Doppler duplex sonography is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of CVC-related UEDVT in symptomatic cancer patients and for screening for asymptomatic thrombosis in this specific population. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Impaired cerebral CO2 vasoreactivity: association with endothelial dysfunction. Oct 2006 Shahar Lavi,Diana Gaitini,Victor Milloul,Giris Jacob Conflicting data exist on the role of nitric oxide (NO) in cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation. Previous studies involving human and animal subjects seem to indicate that NO involvement is limited to the CO(2)-dependent mechanism (chemoregulation) and not to the pressure-dependent autoregulati... ( view more )on (mechanoregulation). We tested this hypothesis in patients with impaired endothelial function compared with healthy controls. Blood pressure, heart rate, end-tidal Pco(2), CBF velocities (CBFV), forearm blood flow, and reactive hyperemia were assessed in 16 patients with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension and compared with 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Pressure-dependent autoregulation was determined by escalating doses of phenylephrine. CO(2) vasoreactivity index was extrapolated from individual slopes of mean CBFV during normocapnia, hyperventilation, and CO(2) inhalation. Measurements were repeated after sodium nitroprusside infusion. Indexes of endothelial function, maximal and area under the curve (AUC) of forearm blood flow (FBF) changes, were significantly impaired in patients (maximal flow: 488 +/- 75 vs. 297 +/- 31%; P = 0.01, AUC DeltaFBF: 173 +/- 17 vs. 127 +/- 11; P = 0.03). Patients and controls showed similar changes in cerebrovascular resistance during blood pressure challenges (identical slopes). CO(2) vasoreactivity was impaired in patients compared with controls: 1.19 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.54 +/- 0.1 cm.s(-1).mmHg(-1); P = 0.04. NO donor (sodium nitroprusside) offsets this disparity. These results suggest that patients with endothelial dysfunction have impaired CO(2) vasoreactivity and preserved pressure-dependent autoregulation. This supports our hypothesis that NO is involved in CO(2)-dependent CBF regulation alone. CBFV chemoregulation could therefore be a surrogate of local cerebral endothelial function. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Sonographically guided percutaneous needle biopsy of soft tissue masses with histopathologic correlation. Oct 2006 Michalle Soudack,Alicia Nachtigal,Euvgeni Vladovski,Olga Brook,Diana Gaitini OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of sonographically guided percutaneous core biopsy of soft tissue masses. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent sonographically guided biopsy of soft tissue masses at our institution durin... ( view more )g a 50-month period. Core biopsy histopathologic results were compared with surgical or clinical follow-up. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-three patients, 76 male and 107 female, with a mean age of 48.5 years were included in the study. Thirteen patients had more than 1 biopsy, and the total number of biopsies performed was 196. Five patients were lost to follow-up. Biopsy results were diagnostically accurate in 174 (91%) cases. Thirteen biopsies were inconclusive. No complications occurred. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy in separating malignant from benign lesions were 97%, 99%, 99%, and 98%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided core needle biopsy is an accurate and safe means to obtain tissue samples for the histopathologic diagnosis of soft tissue masses. It obviates the need for open biopsy and should be performed routinely for treatment planning. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Delayed ventricular fibrillation following blunt chest trauma in a 4-year-old child. Apr 2006 Riad Tome,Mostafa Somri,Christian B Teszler,Boris Yanovski,Luis Gaitini A 4-year-old boy who was involved in a motor vehicle accident as a pedestrian and suffered blunt chest trauma was admitted to the emergency room. Unpredictable delayed ventricular fibrillation was diagnosed and treated successfully 2 h later. This case cannot be classified as commotio cordis as the... ( view more ) ventricular fibrillation (VF) developed so long after the sustained chest injury. At the same time, other possible etiologies of VF such as cardiac pathology or electrolyte and metabolic disorders had been ruled out. Thus, an etiological link between the chest trauma and the subsequent VF could not be ruled out and is in fact plausible despite the late onset. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia in labor: does it increase the risk of cesarean section? A randomized trial. Mar 2006 Gonen Ohel,Roni Gonen,Sonia Vaida,Shlomi Barak,Luis Gaitini OBJECTIVE: To determine whether early initiation of epidural analgesia in nulliparous women affects the rate of cesarean sections and other obstetric outcome measures. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized trial in which 449 at term nulliparous women in early labor, at less than 3 cm of cervical dilatation, w... ( view more )ere assigned to either immediate initiation of epidural analgesia at first request (221 women), or delay of epidural until the cervix dilated to at least 4 cm (228 women). RESULTS: At initiation of the epidural the mean cervical dilatation was 2.4 cm in the early epidural group and 4.6 cm in the late group (P < 0.0001). The rates of cesarean section were not significantly different between the groups--13% and 11% in the early and late groups, respectively (P = 0.77). The mean duration from randomization to full dilatation was significantly shorter in the early compared to the late epidural group--5.9 hours and 6.6 hours respectively (P = 0.04). When questioned after delivery regarding their next labor, the women indicated a preference for early epidural. CONCLUSION: Initiation of epidural analgesia in early labor, following the first request for epidural, did not result in increased cesarean deliveries, instrumental vaginal deliveries, and other adverse effects; furthermore, it was associated with shorter duration of the first stage of labor and was clearly preferred by the women. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles A comparison between the PLA Cobra and the Laryngeal Mask Airway Unique during spontaneous ventilation: a randomized prospective study. Feb 2006 Luis Gaitini,Boris Yanovski,Mustafa Somri,Sonia Vaida,Tome Riad,David Alfery The Laryngeal Mask (LMA) Unique and the Cobra Perilaryngeal Airway (PLA) are single-use supraglottic devices. There are no published studies comparing these devices during spontaneous ventilation. We compared the LMA Unique and the Cobra PLA with respect to 1) ventilatory variables during spontaneo... ( view more )us ventilation, 2) time to achieve an effective airway, 3) airway intervention requirements, 4) cuff seal pressures, 5) fiberoptic score, and 6) perioperative adverse events. Eighty adult ASA physical status I-II patients undergoing general anesthesia for minor routine surgery were randomly allocated to LMA Unique or PLA Cobra for airway management. No statistically significant differences were found between the devices with respect to inspiratory tidal volume, expiratory tidal volume, end-tidal CO2 concentration, respiratory rate, number and type of airway interventions required with placement, the fiberoptic score, and the incidence of perioperative adverse events. The oropharyngeal leak (seal) pressure was higher for the CobraPLA (27 +/- 7 versus 21 +/- 4 cm H2O; P < 0.001). The oxygen saturation was higher (98.1% +/- 1% versus 97.3% +/- 2%; P = 0.02) in the LMA group. Time of insertion was shorter for LMA (23.7 +/- 2 s versus 26.6 +/- 7 s; P = 0.02) and insertion difficulty was less for LMA (P = 0.03). As these differences were not judged to be clinically important, both devices appear to be effective in establishing an adequate airway in patients who are spontaneously breathing under general anesthesia. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Esophageal varices: evaluation with esophagography with barium versus endoscopic gastroduodenoscopy in patients with compensated cirrhosis--blinded prospective study. Nov 2005 Evgeny Farber,Doron Fischer,Rami Eliakim,Nira Beck-Razi,Ahuva Engel,Ella Veitsman,Irit Chermesh,Kamel Yassin,Diana Gaitini,Michael Libes,Shai Linn,Soboh Soboh,Yaacov Baruch PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the accuracy of esophagography with barium in diagnosis of esophageal varices (EV) in patients with compensated cirrhosis, with endoscopic gastroduodenoscopy as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, which was approved by the local Helsinki ... ( view more )Committee and in which all patients consented to participate, 61 patients with cirrhosis (34 men, 27 women; mean age, 61 years; range, 36-76 years) received a diagnosis clinically or with liver biopsy. In 87% (n = 53) of patients, Child-Pugh classification was A; in 13% (n = 8), Child-Pugh classification was B. They were evaluated with endoscopic gastroduodenoscopy, according to Japanese general criteria. Esophagography was performed within 3 weeks of endoscopic gastroduodenoscopy, and EV were assigned grades as follows: 0, no EV were seen; 1, EV manifested as very mild irregularities of the folds; and 2, the irregularity of the folds (EV) was clearly present. They were also assigned grades for shape and size: grade F0, no EV detected; grade F1, small straight EV; grade F2, slightly enlarged tortuous EV occupying less than one-third of esophageal lumen; and grade F3, large coil-shaped EV that occupied more than one-third of esophageal lumen. The sensitivity and specificity and positive and negative predictive values of esophagography for identification of each grade of EV were calculated separately, as was the 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: All large EV (grades F2 and F3) were diagnosed at esophagography. Sensitivity declined with small EV (grade F1) to 71. The overall sensitivity of esophagography was 89% (95% confidence interval: 75.9%, 96.5%), the overall specificity was 83% (95% confidence interval: 64.5%, 94.7%), the overall positive predictive value was 89%, and the overall negative predictive value was 83% (95% confidence interval: 64.5%, 94.7%). Overall accuracy was 87%. CONCLUSION: Esophagography is highly accurate in diagnosis of EV and can be considered a viable noninvasive alternative for determination of patients who should be selected for prophylactic treatment. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Diagnosing carotid stenosis by Doppler sonography: state of the art. Aug 2005 Diana Gaitini,Michalle Soudack OBJECTIVE: The goal of this review article is to present the state of the art in the clinical applications and technical performance and interpretation of carotid sonographic examinations. METHODS: Relevant publications regarding color and duplex Doppler sonography (CDDS) of the carotid arteries ex... ( view more )tracted from a computerized database (MEDLINE) and from references cited in these articles not appearing on the Internet were reviewed. RESULTS: The ability to quickly and efficiently identify stenosis in the carotid artery is an important goal for clinicians and vascular surgeons. Identification of potentially treatable carotid stenosis enables selection of appropriate candidates for endarterectomy or stent implantation. Advances in performance and interpretation of carotid sonographic studies over the last 20 years have been driven by technological improvements in gray scale and CDDS examinations and have made carotid sonography an important means to reach this goal. On the basis of CDDS, intima-media thickness measurements and plaque location and characterization on gray scale imaging, flow disturbance and areas of stenosis on color Doppler sonography, and flow velocities on spectral Doppler sonography are obtained. The degree of the diameter of a stenosis of the internal carotid artery is the main parameter used for therapeutic approaches. Advantages and limitations of the method are included. CONCLUSIONS: Carotid sonography is a unique imaging method for the investigation of carotid abnormalities. Noninvasive, accurate, and cost-effective, it provides morphologic and functional information. It is increasingly becoming the first and often the sole imaging study before endarterectomy, whereas costly and invasive procedures are reserved for special cases. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles The additional value of PET/CT over PET in FDG imaging of oesophageal cancer. Aug 2005 Rachel Bar-Shalom,Ludmila Guralnik,Medy Tsalic,Max Leiderman,Alex Frenkel,Diana Gaitini,Alon Ben-Nun,Zohar Keidar,Ora Israel PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the value of combined PET/CT compared with PET reviewed side-by-side with CT, in patients with oesophageal cancer, before and after surgery. METHODS: Forty-one FDG PET/CT studies were performed in 32 patients with oesophageal cancer, before surgery (n = ... ( view more )18) or during follow-up after resection of the primary tumour (n = 23). One hundred and fifteen sites suspicious for malignancy were evaluated. PET/CT was prospectively compared with PET reviewed side-by-side with CT, for detection, accurate localisation and characterisation of malignant sites. PET/CT performance in different anatomical regions was compared before and after surgery. The impact of fused data on patient management was retrospectively assessed. RESULTS: PET/CT had an incremental value over PET for interpretation of 25 of 115 sites (22%), changing the initial characterisation of ten sites to either malignant (n = 1) or benign (n = 9), and defining the precise anatomical location of 15 sites. PET/CT provided better specificity and accuracy than PET for detecting sites of oesophageal cancer (81% and 90% vs 59% and 83% respectively, p < 0.01). Fusion was of special value for interpretation of cervical and abdomino-pelvic sites, for disease assessment in loco-regional lymph nodes before surgery and in regions of postoperative anatomical distortion. PET/CT had an impact on the further management of four patients (10%), by detecting nodal metastases that warranted disease upstaging (n = 2) and by excluding disease in sites of benign uptake after surgery (n = 2). CONCLUSION: PET/CT improves the accuracy of FDG imaging in oesophageal cancer and provides data of diagnostic and therapeutic significance for further patient management. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Computerised analysis of liver texture with correlation to needle biopsy. Jun 2005 D Gaitini,M Lederman,Y Baruch,E Ghersin,E Veitsman,H Kerner,B Shalem,G Yaniv,C Sarfaty,H Azhari AIM: To assist in tissue characterisation for the non-invasive diagnosis of diffuse fatty liver infiltration by providing quantitative indices of ultrasonic (US) backscatter with correlation to histology. METHODS AND MATERIALS: US images from patients referred to US-guided liver needle biopsy (LNB)... ( view more ) for persistently elevated liver enzymes or serologically positive markers for viral hepatitis were recorded. The histopathological reports were reviewed. Steatosis, inflammation and degree of fibrosis were scored from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe). Patients with level 3 steatosis without inflammation or fibrosis were selected. US images from twenty-four healthy subjects served as control. Four textural indices were calculated for a selected ROI corresponding to the biopsy site. Sensitivity and specificity of discrimination between the two groups were evaluated. RESULTS: Fatty and healthy livers formed two distinct clusters. However, in all parametric subspaces there was a slight overlap between the groups with a few numbers of cases located across the dichotomy line.The sensitivity for all the indices was high (90 - 100 %). The specificity for each of the indices was moderate. The co-occurrence local homogeneity index yielded the highest specificity (88.5 %), with a sensitivity equivalent to two of the other indices (90 %). CONCLUSIONS: Highly accurate "ultrasonic biopsy" may be obtained for severe fatty liver. The described indices can serve as a tool in US computer- aided diagnosis (CAD) of diffuse parenchymal liver disease, in particular for severe steatosis of the liver. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles The esophageal-tracheal combitube resistance and ventilatory pressures. Feb 2005 Luis A Gaitini,Sonia J Vaida,Somri Mostafa,Boris Yanovski,Bruce Ben-David,Jonathan L Benumof STUDY OBJECTIVE: To measure resistance of the Combitube, a supraglottic ventilatory device used in the management of the patients with difficult airways, and its influence on delivered ventilatory pressures. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University-affiliated hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 20... ( view more ) patients with ASA status I or II who were scheduled for elective knee arthroscopy. INTERVENTIONS: (Part 2 of the study) After induction of general anesthesia and insertion of the Combitube, mechanical ventilation was initiated. Airway pressures were measured using fluid-filled pressure lines at the Y-piece (P(Y-piece)) of the breathing system and in the oropharynx (P(oropharynx)) at a position 2 cm beyond the second proximal anterior hole of the Combitube. These pressures were simultaneously recorded and the pressure curves were compared. MEASUREMENTS: (Part 1 of the study) Resistance of the esophageal and the tracheal lumen of the 37-F Combitube and standard endotracheal tubes (with internal diameters of 6, 7, and 8 mm) was compared ex vivo with a Datex AS/3 monitor. Ventilation conditions were kept constant at a tidal volume of 0.5 L, frequency of 10 breaths per minute, and ramp flow waveform and peak flow of 1 L/s. MAIN RESULTS: Resistance of standard endotracheal tubes was inversely proportional to their diameters (16, 11, and 7 cm H(2)O/L per second for the tubes with internal diameters of 6, 7, and 8 mm, respectively). The resistance of the Combitube's tracheal lumen was 12 cm H(2)O/L per second. There was a significant difference in peak respiratory pressures between P(Y-piece) and P(oropharynx) (40 +/- 5 and 23 +/- 5 cm H(2)O, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The Combitube has significant airflow resistance that should be considered when patients are mechanically ventilated because the delivered oropharyngeal pressure is significantly lower than the pressure measured at the anesthesia breathing system. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Search for disease-specific cardiovascular reactivity patterns: developing the methodology. Jan 2005 Jochanan E Naschitz,Michael Rozenbaum,Madeline Fields,Hillel Isseroff,Sean Enis,Jay P Babich,Shannon Peck,Elisabeth Rubin Peck,Louis Gaitini,Shaul Naschitz,Edmond Sabo,Itzhak Rosner Aberrations of CVR (cardiovascular reactivity), an expression of autonomic function, lack specificity for a particular disorder. Recently, a CVR pattern particular to chronic fatigue syndrome has been observed. In the present study, we aimed to develop methodologies for assessing disease-specific C... ( view more )VR patterns. As a prototype, a population of 50 consecutive patients with FMF (familial Mediterranean fever) was studied and compared with control populations. A 10 min supine/30 min head-up tilt test with recording of the heart rate and blood pressure or the pulse transit time was performed. Five studies were conducted applying different methods. In each study, statistical analysis identified independent predictors of CVR in FMF. Based on regression coefficients of these predictors, a linear DS (discriminant score) was computed for every subject. Each study established an equation to assess CVR, calculate DS for FMF and determine the sensitivity and specificity of the DS cut-off. In each of the five studies, abnormal CVR was observed in FMF patients. The best accuracy (88% sensitivity and 90.1% specificity for FMF) was obtained by a method based on beat-to-beat heart rate and pulse transit time recordings. Data was processed by fractal and recurrence quantitative analysis with recordings in FMF patients compared with a mixed control population. Identification of disease-specific CVR patterns was possible with the methodologies described in the present study. In FMF, disease-specific CVR may be explained by the interplay between neuroendocrine loops specific to FMF with cardiovascular homoeostatic mechanisms. Recognition of disease-specific CVR patterns may advance the understanding of homoeostatic mechanisms and have implications in clinical practice. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Page 1 of 6 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (138 articles found)

      
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