Medical and Societal information from the Research Community	Number of Articles: 17,750,454 Number of Contributors: 57 Number of Queries: 12,901,669
	Save this page:  Send this page	Login  or Create a Free Account

GST Primary GST Primary Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Im... Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Improvement - Diabetes Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibio... Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-b... Systematic review assessing the effect of ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibiotics Management Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-based Practice Center, 117 Encina Commons, Stanford, CA 94305-6019, Kathy.mcdonald@stanford.edu Systematic review assessing the effect of quality improvement strategies on appropriate prescribing of antibiotics and appropriate choice of antibiotics. Adherence Adherence Assistive Devices Assistive Devices Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan CLSA_9 CLSA_9 Cyberabuse Cyberabuse Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent ... This review included randomized trials abo... Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent Men who Batter Their Partners This review included randomized trials about the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on domestic violence. The intervention included programs based on the Duluth Model. The violence had to be committed by a male toward his female partner. The violence also had to be physical. The primary outcomes were new arrests and convictions, and new reports of violence. CABG vs PCI CABG vs PCI Quality Improvement Strategies for Prevent... Quality Improvement Strategies for Preventing Nosocomial Infections (Created 17-Feb-06) Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma Control Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce S... This review was the first part of a projec... Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the first part of a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of smoking cessation interventions on reducing socio-economic differences. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio... This review was the second part in a proje... Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the second part in a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of interventions on reducing socio-economic differences in diet and physical activity. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the d... Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the data in the published report. We used SRS only for an updated search. The review included randomized trials about the effect of welfare-to-work programs. Participants were welfare recipients. There were basically two types of programs. The educational type tried to build knowledge and skills in order to help the welfare recipients acquire jobs that could support them economically. The "work first" approach was more aimed at getting the participants quickly into a job. Exercise interventions for the management ... The objective of this systematic review wa... Exercise interventions for the management of frailty The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of current exercise interventions on the management of frailty. A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Psycinfo, Cinahl, Scopus, Ageline, Eric, and SportDiscus databases was conducted and produced 1808 citations. So far we have completed 2 levels of “title and abstract” screening and we ended up with 262 articles. We have just started the full text screening. Eligibility criteria included original studies whose participants were identified as frail or prefrail with specific criteria and in which structured physical activity was included as at least one component of the intervention. Create a free account, build a dictionary with saved terms to re-use later! Public Domestic Violence - Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Workfare Exercise Interventions for the Management of Frailty Search     Simple Advanced Refine (4 coded questions)  Any of these:   Exact Phrase: All of these: None of these: Author: Periodical: Projects: No restrictions   Libraries: Public   Select SRS Projects Show Saved Terms Select Library Show articles that do not have abstracts  Humans or Animals Humans Animals Type of Article Clinical Trial Editorial Letter Meta-Analysis Practice Guideline Randomized Controlled Trial Review Addresses Bibliography Biography Case Reports Classical Article Clinical Conference Clinical Trial, Phase I Clinical Trial, Phase II Clinical Trial, Phase III Clinical Trial, Phase IV Comment Comparative Study Consensus Development Conference Consensus Development Conference, NIH Controlled Clinical Trial Corrected and Republished Article Dictionary Directory Duplicate Publication English Abstract Evaluation Studies Festschrift Government Publications Guideline Historical Article Interview In Vitro Journal Article Lectures Legal Cases Legislation Multicenter Study News Newspaper Article Overall Patient Education Handout Periodical Index Published Erratum Retracted Publication Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Retraction of Publication Scientific Integrity Review Support of Research Technical Report Twin Study Validation Studies Not a Primary Study or Review Unknown Primary Study Case Series Case Control Cohort Study Observational Study Qualitative Research CBA or ITS Registry Double Blind Controlled before after study Quasi-randomized trial Simple before after study Cluster-RCT Non-Randomized Study Report Book Book chapter Dissertation Conference procedings Secondary Research Not RCT Ages All Infant: birth-23 months All Child: 0-18 years All Adult: 19+ years Newborn: birth-1 month Infant: 1-23 months Preschool Child: 2-5 years Child: 6-12 years Adolescent: 13-18 years Adult: 19-44 years Middle Aged: 45-64 years Middle Aged + Aged: 45+ years Aged: 65+ years 80 and over: 80+ years Undetermined Language English French German Italian Japanese Russian Spanish Afrikaans Albanian Unknown Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Chinese Croatian Czech Danish Dutch Esperanto Estonian Finnish Georgian Greek, Modern Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Kinyarwanda Korean Latin Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Malay Malayalam Maori Multiple Languages Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Pushto Romanian Sanskrit Scottish gaelic Serbian Slovak Slovenian Swedish Thai Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese Not English Not French Results(1-25 of 6,799) Sort By: Publication Date Relevance Took: 2.222 seconds to search 17,750,454  Action: Copy Results to new Clipboard Build Search Link Page 1 of 272 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (6799 articles found) Meeting the challenges of critical case study in nursing research: an interview with Alison Dixon. Nov 2002 Dixon Alison Critical case study is a methodology seldom used in nursing or midwifery research, yet it offers a process for revealing and acting on power relations in the practice worlds of nurses and midwives. This is the eighth article in a series based on interviews with nursing and midwifery researchers, de... ( view more )signed to provide the beginning researcher with a first-hand account of the experience of using particular methodologies. This article focuses on critical case study as experienced by Alison Dixon (RGON, BA, Dip Soc Sci (Nursing), PhD) who used this methodology to explore the difference in practice between enrolled and registered nurse practice. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Rural Roots: News, Information, and Commentary from the Rural School and Community Trust, 2000-2001 2000 Westra, Kathryn E Ed and Yaunches, H. Alison This document contains the first eight issues of "Rural Roots"--two published in 2000 and six published bimonthly in 2001. A newsletter of the Rural School and Community Trust, "Rural Roots" provides news, information, and commentary from the Rural Trust and highlights the wide variety of place-bas... ( view more )ed education work happening in rural schools and communities across the country. Articles include: "Rural School and Community Trust Gets $8M Boost from New Foundation Grants"; "Extravaganza 2000: Networking Solutions for Rural Schools" (Elisabeth Higgins Null); "Stewardship Institute Participants Tackle Standards Issue" (Barbara Poore); "PACERS Cooperative Celebrates 'Alabama, My Home'" (Elisabeth Higgins Null); "Making the Best Better: Developing a Portfolio-Based Assessment System" (Barbara Cervone); "Rural Trust Native Sites: Paradigm Busters" (Elaine Salinas); "From Downeast to the Delta: Lubec, Maine Students Host Marine Conference"; "Youth Leadership Is Major Focus at Rendezvous 2000" (Julie Bartsch, Matt Pritchard); "Student Recording Projects Capture Rural Culture, History"; "Student-Run Grocery Store Up and Running"; "Students Map Resources of Robeson County, NC"; "Students Converge in Kearney, Nebraska for Student Extravaganza 2001"; "Arts Flourish on California's San Juan Ridge"; "Wetlands Estonoa Saved by Saint Paul Senior Ecology Class"; "Murrah Reflects on Six Years of Rural Trust"; "How To Make the Outdoors Your Classroom"; "A Teacher's First Person Account of the Zia Pueblo and Peacham, Vermont Student Exchange" (Cathy Browne); "Wisconsin's Youth Press: Hands-On Media Work" (Alison Yaunches); "Cross-Cultural Orientation at Old Minto Camp" (Ray Barnhardt, Rob Amberg); "Where Does Place-Based Learning Fit In?" (Alison Yaunches); and "A Light Shining on Learning That Happens within the Context of Community" (Ginny Jaramillo). Issues also contain notices of conferences and new publications, and organizational news of the Rural Trust. (SV) ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene locus predict better survival in gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. May 15, 2008 Shotaro Nakamura,Hongtao Ye,Chris M Bacon,Alison Goatly,Hongxiang Liu,Lucy Kerr,Alison H Banham,Berthold Streubel,Takashi Yao,Masazumi Tsuneyoshi,Antonella Savio,Morishige Takeshita,Peggy Dartigues,Agnès Ruskoné-Fourmestraux,Takayuki Matsumoto,Mitsuo Iida,Ming-Qing Du PURPOSE: The pathogenesis and clinical heterogeneity of gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are poorly understood. We have comprehensively investigated the incidence and clinical significance of lymphoma-associated chromosomal translocations, particularly those involving the immunoglobuli... ( view more )n heavy chain (IGH) gene locus, in a large series of gastric DLBCL. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: One hundred forty-one cases of primary gastric DLBCL [58 with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and 83 without MALT lymphoma] were enrolled. Translocations involving BCL6, c-MYC, FOXP1, MALT1, and IGH were investigated using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. In positive cases, additional fluorescence in situ hybridization was done with appropriate probes for potential partner genes. Cases were classified into germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) or non-GCB subgroups by immunophenotyping with CD10, BCL6, and MUM1. RESULTS: Translocations involving IGH were detected in 36 (32%) of 111 cases; their partner genes included BCL6 (n = 10), c-MYC (n = 5), and FOXP1 (n = 3) but remained unknown in the remaining 18 cases. t(14;18)/IGH-BCL2, t(14;18)/IGH-MALT1, and t(1;14)/BCL10-IGH were not detected in any case. t(11;18)/API2-MALT1 was detected in none of the cases, except for one case of DLBCL with MALT lymphoma, which showed positive signals only in MALT lymphoma cells. IGH-involved translocation was associated with younger age but not with any other clinicopathologic factors including GCB or non-GCB immunophenotypes. Cox multivariate analysis revealed that IGH-involved translocation, in addition to younger age and early stage, was an independent prognostic factor for better overall and EFSs. CONCLUSION: IGH-involved translocations are frequent in gastric DLBCL and seem to identify cases with favorable prognosis. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Dose-dependent effects of docosahexaenoic acid-rich fish oil on erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid and blood lipid levels. May 2008 Catherine M Milte,Alison M Coates,Jonathan D Buckley,Alison M Hill,Peter R C Howe Consumption of long-chain n-3 PUFA, particularly DHA, has been shown to improve cardiovascular risk factors but the intake required to achieve benefits is unclear. We sought to determine the relationship between DHA intake, increases in erythrocyte DHA content and changes in blood lipids. A total o... ( view more )f sixty-seven subjects (thirty-six male, thirty-one female, mean age 53 years) with fasting serum TAG > or = 1.1 mmol/l and BMI>25 kg/m(2) completed a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel intervention. Subjects consumed 2, 4 or 6 g/d of DHA-rich fish oil (26 % DHA, 6 % EPA) or a placebo (Sunola oil). Fasting blood lipid concentrations and fatty acid profiles in erythrocyte membranes were assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks. For every 1 g/d increase in DHA intake, there was a 23 % reduction in TAG (mean baseline concentration 1.9 (sem 0.1) mmol/l), 4.4 % increase in HDL-cholesterol and 7.1 % increase in LDL-cholesterol. Erythrocyte DHA content increased in proportion to the dose of DHA consumed (r 0.72, P < 0.001) and the increase after 12 weeks was linearly related to reductions in TAG (r - 0.38, P < 0.01) and increases in total cholesterol (r 0.39, P < 0.01), LDL-cholesterol (r 0.33, P < 0.01) and HDL-cholesterol (r 0.30, P = 0.02). The close association between incorporation of DHA in erythrocytes and its effects on serum lipids highlights the importance of erythrocyte DHA as an indicator of cardiovascular health status. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Large-scale analysis of association between polymorphisms in the transforming growth factor beta 1 gene (TGFB1) and osteoporosis: the GENOMOS study. May 2008 Bente L Langdahl,André G Uitterlinden,Stuart H Ralston,Thomas A Trikalinos,Susanne Balcells,Maria Luisa Brandi,Serena Scollen,Paul Lips,Roman Lorenc,Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch,David M Reid,Jácome Bruges Armas,Pascal P Arp,Amelia Bassiti,Mariona Bustamante,Lise Bjerre Husted,Alison H Carey,Ramon Pérez Cano,Harald Dobnig,Alison M Dunning,Astrid Fahrleitner-Pammer,Alberto Falchetti,Elzbieta Karczmarewicz,Marcin Kruk,Johannes P T M van Leeuwen,Laura Masi,Joyce B J van Meurs,Jon Mangion,Fiona E A McGuigan,Leonardo Mellibovsky,Leif Mosekilde,Xavier Nogués,Huibert A P Pols,Jonathan Reeve,Wilfried Renner,Fernando Rivadeneira,Natasja M van Schoor,John P A Ioannidis,APOSS investigators ,DOPS investigators ,EPOS investigators ,EPOLOS investigators ,FAMOS investigators ,LASA investigators ,ERGO investigators ,GENOMOS Study INTRODUCTION: The TGFB1 gene which encodes transforming growth factor beta 1, is a strong candidate for susceptibility to osteoporosis and several studies have reported associations between bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporotic fractures and polymorphisms of TGFB1, although these studies have yi... ( view more )elded conflicting results. METHODS: We investigated associations between TGFB1 polymorphisms and BMD and fracture in the GENOMOS study: a prospective multicenter study involving 10 European research studies including a total of 28,924 participants. Genotyping was conducted for known TGFB1 polymorphisms at the following sites: G-1639-A (G-800-A, rs1800468), C-1348-T (C-509-T, rs1800469), T29-C (Leu10Pro, rs1982073), G74-C (Arg25Pro, rs1800471) and C788-T (Thr263Ile, rs1800472). These polymorphisms were genotyped prospectively and methodology was standardized across research centers. Genotypes and haplotypes were related to BMD at the lumbar sine and femoral neck and fractures. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in either women or men at either skeletal site for any of the examined polymorphisms with the possible exception of a weak association with reduced BMD (-12 mg/cm2) in men with the T-1348 allele (p<0.05). None of the haplotypes was associated with BMD and none of the polymorphisms or haplotypes significantly affected overall risk of fractures, however, the odds ratio for incident vertebral fracture in carriers of the rare T788 allele was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.09-2.64), p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that polymorphic variation in the TGFB1 gene does not play a major role in regulating BMD or susceptibility to fractures. The weak associations we observed between the C-1348-T and lumbar spine BMD in men and between C788-T and risk of incident vertebral fractures are of interest but could be chance findings and will need replication in future studies. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles In situ monitoring of the seed stage of a fermentation process using non-invasive NIR spectrometry. May 2008 Alison Nordon,David Littlejohn,Alison S Dann,Paul A Jeffkins,Mark D Richardson,Sarah L Stimpson Non-invasive NIR spectrometry has been used to monitor in situ the seed stage of a streptomyces fermentation process. The main spectral change occurred at 7263 cm(-1) in the 1st derivative spectrum, and from comparison with off-line NIR spectra acquired of components present in the fermentation bro... ( view more )th, can be attributed to biomass. The biomass signal was constant for the first 20 h of the seed stage, after which it decreased before increasing again. The time at which the minimum occurred in the NIR profile was either the same or slightly earlier than that at which a maximum in the carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER) occurred. The changes observed for the biomass signal in the NIR spectra can be attributed to growth and then fragmentation of mycelia, which indicates a change in metabolic activity. Hence, it may be possible to use NIR spectrometry in situ to determine the optimum transfer time for the seed stage of a fermentation process. Spectra were also acquired of the final stage of the same fermentation process. The variation in the biomass signal in the NIR spectra was more complicated in the final stage owing to changes in stir rate, and biomass concentration and morphology. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Exercising body and mind: an integrated approach to functional independence in hospitalized older people. Apr 2008 Alison M Mudge,Andrea J Giebel,Alison J Cutler OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of a structured, multi-component, early rehabilitation program on functional status, delirium, and discharge outcomes of older acute medical inpatients. DESIGN: Prospective controlled trial with blinded outcome evaluation. SETTING: Internal medicine service of a m... ( view more )etropolitan tertiary teaching hospital in Brisbane, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred twenty-four consecutive inpatients aged 65 and older admitted from the emergency department to control or intervention medical ward. Exclusions included patients completely dependent before admission or admitted from a nursing home, patients too ill to participate or terminally ill, and patients with length of stay less than 72 hours. INTERVENTION: Early physiotherapy review with provision of an individualized graduated exercise program and activity diary, progressive encouragement of functional independence by nursing staff and other members of the multidisciplinary team, and cognitive stimulation sessions. MEASUREMENTS: Modified Barthel Index (MBI) at admission and discharge, timed up-and-go at admission and discharge, incidence of delirium and falls, measured activity, length of hospital stay, discharge destination, 30-day readmission rate. RESULTS: Intervention and control participants were well matched in terms of age, sex, diagnosis, and functional status. The intervention group had greater improvement in functional status than the control group, with a median MBI improvement of 8.5 versus 3.5 points (P=.03). In the intervention group, there was a reduction in delirium (19.4% vs 35.5%, P=.04) and a trend to reduced falls (4.8% vs 11.3%, P=.19). Length of stay, timed up-and-go, discharge destination, and readmissions did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION: This intervention was effective in improving function in a vulnerable patient group. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Characterisation of a Trichoderma hamatum monooxygenase gene involved in antagonistic activity against fungal plant pathogens. Apr 2008 Margaret A Carpenter,Hayley J Ridgway,Alison M Stringer,Amanda J Hay,Alison Stewart A monooxygenase gene was isolated from a biocontrol strain of Trichoderma hamatum and its role in biocontrol was investigated. The gene had homologues in other fungal genomes, but was not closely related to any fully characterised gene. The T. hamatum monooxygenase gene was expressed specifically i... ( view more )n response to the plant pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia minor and Sclerotium cepivorum, but not in response to Botrytis cinerea or T. hamatum. Expression of the gene did not occur until contact had been made between the two fungal species. Homologues in T. atroviride and T. virens showed similar expression patterns. Expression of the gene in response to S. sclerotiorum was influenced by pH, with a peak of expression at pH 4, and was subject to nitrogen catabolite repression. Disruption of the monooxygenase gene did not affect the growth or morphology of T. hamatum, but caused a decrease in its ability to inhibit the growth and sclerotial production of S. sclerotiorum. The monooxygenase gene had a role in the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma species against specific fungal plant pathogens and is therefore a potentially important factor in biocontrol by Trichoderma species. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Predictors of complementary therapy use among asthma patients: results of a primary care survey. Mar 2008 Alison Shaw,Alison Noble,Chris Salisbury,Debbie Sharp,Elizabeth Thompson,Tim J Peters Patients with chronic conditions are increasingly using complementary therapies. Asthma is the most common chronic disease in the UK. Qualitative research has suggested reasons why asthma patients use complementary therapies. However, there is little reliable quantitative evidence regarding the pre... ( view more )valence of complementary therapy use among asthma patients and predictors of use. A postal survey of complementary therapy use among asthma patients was therefore conducted via 27 general practices across seven Primary Care Trusts within the South West Strategic Health Authority (England), during August 2005 to May 2006. A total of 14,833 asthma patients were identified. A 1-in-4 random sample generated 3693 potential respondents, of whom 1320 (36%) returned questionnaires. Taking full account of the survey design, 14.5% (190/1308; 95% confidence interval 12.5% to 16.6%) had used complementary therapies for asthma; 54% of these patients had not disclosed their complementary therapy use to a health professional. The three therapies most commonly used were homeopathy, herbal medicine and relaxation. Just over half of those using complementary therapies for asthma reported that they usually or always helped; the most common reported benefits were symptom reduction, calming breathing and reducing panic. Multivariable analyses indicated an inverted U-shaped relationship between complementary therapy use for asthma and age, and increased likelihood of use among women, those with educational qualifications, those not usually helped by asthma medication, and those who have difficulty sleeping because of asthma symptoms. Dissatisfaction with conventional care was not associated with complementary therapy use for asthma. Asthma patients may use complementary therapies with or without the knowledge of their healthcare providers. Open communication between professionals and patients about complementary therapies may be valuable to give patients enhanced opportunities to discuss the impact of asthma on their quality of life and the effectiveness of their conventional treatment. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Deconstructing media coverage of trastuzumab (Herceptin): an analysis of national newspaper coverage. Mar 2008 Paul M Wilson,Alison M Booth,Alison Eastwood,Ian S Watt OBJECTIVE: To explore and critically describe the content and main narratives of UK national daily newspaper coverage of trastuzumab (Herceptin). DESIGN: We used the NewsBank database to search eight national daily newspapers, and their Sunday equivalents, retrospectively from 19 February 2006 back... ( view more ) to the earliest mention of trastuzumab or Herceptin (19 May 1998). Setting UK national newspapers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To be eligible for inclusion, articles had to contain at least three sentences about trastuzumab. Articles that focused on the financial performance of companies associated with the drug were excluded from the analysis. For each included article, we extracted bibliographic details and data, and independently rated the reporting slant towards trastuzumab and, where relevant, the reporting slant towards access to treatment. RESULTS: We identified 361 articles that met the study inclusion criteria. The proprietary name of Herceptin was always used, with only eight articles mentioning the generic alternative. 294/361 included articles (81.5%) were rated as being positive towards trastuzumab, the remainder rated as neutral. Access to trastuzumab treatment was the main narrative running across included articles and reports of individual patients seeking treatment featured prominently throughout. In 208/361 of included articles (57%) the reporting slant towards access to trastuzumab treatment was rated as negative. 178/361 of included articles (49.3%) mentioned licensing, but rarely mentioned that licensing processes can only occur when the manufacturer applies for a licence. Only a minority of articles mentioned that the drug had to be licensed before it could be subject to the NICE approval process. CONCLUSIONS: Newspaper coverage of trastuzumab has been characterized by uncritical reporting. Journalists (and consumers) should be more questioning when confronted with information about new drugs and of the motives of those who seek to set the news agenda. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Combination of trastuzumab and tanespimycin (17-AAG, KOS-953) is safe and active in trastuzumab-refractory HER-2 overexpressing breast cancer: a phase I dose-escalation study. Dec 1, 2007 Shanu Modi,Alison T Stopeck,Michael S Gordon,David Mendelson,David B Solit,Rochelle Bagatell,Weining Ma,Jennifer Wheler,Neal Rosen,Larry Norton,Gillian F Cropp,Robert G Johnson,Alison L Hannah,Clifford A Hudis PURPOSE: This phase I study examined whether a heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 inhibitor tanespimycin (17-AAG; KOS-953) could be administered safely in combination with trastuzumab at a dose that inhibits Hsp90 function in vivo in lymphocytes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with an advanced solid tumor... ( view more ) progressing during standard therapy were eligible. Patients were treated with weekly trastuzumab followed by intravenous tanespimycin, assessed in escalating dose levels. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were enrolled onto four tanespimycin dose levels: 225 (n = 4), 300 (n = 3), 375 (n = 8), and 450 mg/m2 (n = 10). Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed at the third and fourth cohort (1 patient each): more than 2-week delay for grade 4 fatigue/grade 2 nausea and anorexia (375 mg/m2); more than 2-week delay for thrombocytopenia (450 mg/m2). Drug-related grade 3 toxicity included emesis, increased ALT, hypersensitivity reactions (two patients each), and drug-induced thrombocytopenia (n = 1). Common mild to moderate toxicities included fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, emesis, headache, rash/pruritus, increased AST/ALT, and anorexia. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated no difference in tanespimycin kinetics with or without trastuzumab. Pharmacodynamic testing showed reactive induction of Hsp70 (a marker of Hsp90 inhibition) in lymphocytes at all dose levels. Antitumor activity was noted (partial response, n = 1; minor response, n = 4; stable disease > or = 4 months, n = 4). Tumor regressions were seen only in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-positive metastatic breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Tanespimycin plus trastuzumab is well tolerated and has antitumor activity in patients with HER-2+ breast cancer whose tumors have progressed during treatment with trastuzumab. These data suggest that Hsp90 function can be inhibited in vivo to a degree sufficient to cause inhibition of tumor growth. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Clinical impact of genetic aberrations in gastric MALT lymphoma: a comprehensive analysis using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Oct 2007 Shotaro Nakamura,Hongtao Ye,Chris M Bacon,Alison Goatly,Hongxiang Liu,Alison H Banham,Roland Ventura,Takayuki Matsumoto,Mitsuo Iida,Yutaka Ohji,Takashi Yao,Masazumi Tsuneyoshi,Ming-Qing Du BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There is a need for genetic biomarkers to guide prognosis and management of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. We assessed the incidence and clinical significance of the MALT lymphoma-associated genetic abnormalities t(11;18)/API2-MALT1, t(1;14)/BCL10-I... ( view more )GH, t(14;18)/IGH-MALT1, t(3;14)/FOXP1-IGH, and extra copies of MALT1 and FOXP1 in gastric MALT lymphomas from Japan. METHODS: The presence of translocations and copy number changes involving MALT1, IGH and FOXP1 were assessed in 90 cases of gastric MALT lymphoma using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). In cases carrying a MALT1 translocation, FISH for API2-MALT1 was performed, whereas in those carrying an IGH translocation, FISH was performed for BCL10, BCL6, BCL2, c-MYC and/or CCND1. RESULTS: t(11;18)/API2-MALT1 was detected in 18 of 87 (21%) cases and was significantly associated with Helicobacter pylori-negativity, resistance to H pylori eradication and Bcl10 nuclear expression. Four of 68 (6%) cases carried a translocation involving IGH and FOXP1 (n = 1), BCL2 (n = 1) or an unknown partner (n = 2). Neither t(1;14)/BCL10-IGH nor t(14;18)/IGH-MALT1 was detected. Extra copies of MALT1 and FOXP1 were detected in 18 of 71 (25%) cases and 10 of 59 (17%) cases, respectively. The presence of extra copies of MALT1 was significantly associated with progression or relapse of lymphoma, and was an independent adverse prognostic factor for event-free survival as determined by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: t(11;18)/API2-MALT1 is frequent, whereas IGH-involved translocations are rare in gastric MALT lymphoma in Japan. The presence of extra copies of MALT1, often suggestive of partial or complete trisomy 18, is a frequent genetic aberration in gastric MALT lymphoma, which appears to predict adverse clinical behaviour. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Can EGCG reduce abdominal fat in obese subjects? Aug 2007 Alison M Hill,Alison M Coates,Jonathan D Buckley,Robert Ross,Frank Thielecke,Peter R C Howe OBJECTIVE: To evaluate metabolic effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) supplementation when combined with a program of regular aerobic exercise in overweight/obese post-menopausal women. METHODS: Thirty-eight overweight or obese postmenopausal women exercised at moderate intensity, viz. walkin... ( view more )g three times per week for 45 min at 75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate (HR), and took a 150 mg capsule of EGCG (Teavigo) or placebo (lactose) twice daily for 12 weeks. Blood parameters (lipids, glucose and insulin), blood pressure, heart rate, arterial function and anthropometry were assessed at 0, 6 and 12 wk. At wk 0 and 12, body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and abdominal fat was assessed by DXA and computed tomography (CT). RESULTS: Waist circumference (p < 0.01), total body fat (p < 0.02), abdominal fat (by DXA) (p < 0.01) and intra abdominal adipose tissue (by CT) (p < 0.01) were reduced in both treatment groups, with no difference between placebo and Teavigo. Teavigo significantly decreased resting HR (p < 0.01) and reduced plasma glucose in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate consumption of EGCG can improve the health status of overweight individuals undergoing regular exercise by reducing HR and plasma glucose concentrations. Loss of body fat, however, may require a higher intake of EGCG, other catechins or addition of metabolic stimulants. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Adsorption of DNA onto positively charged amidine colloidal spheres and the resultant bridging interaction. Jul 1, 2007 Alison J Hodrien,Thomas A Waigh,Alison M Voice,G Eric Blair,Stuart M Clarke The complexation behaviour of duplex linear DNA (negatively charged) with amidine functionalised sub-micron latex spheres (positively charged) was studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and a PALS interferrometric zeta potential sizer. Four types of DNA-sphere complex were investigated as a f... ( view more )unction of component concentration by combining amidine functionalised polystyrene microspheres with radii of 10.5 nm and 60 nm, and herring DNA of lengths of 35 nm and 85 nm. At low DNA concentrations (c(DNA)), the undercharged complexes showed a small increase in measured hydrodynamic radius (R(h)) and a decrease in zeta potential with increasing c(DNA). Within a critical DNA concentration range R(h) was seen to peak sharply, and the zeta potentials were approximately 0 mV, corresponding to the formation of unstable neutral complexes. Immediately above this concentration region the measured R(h) values became comparable with those at low c(DNA), and the zeta potential became negative, indicating the formation of stable overcharged complexes. The small and large spheres formed multi-sphere and single sphere overcharged aggregates respectively, which is thought to be determined by the relative magnitude of the chain persistence length (approximately 50 nm) and the sphere radius, switching on or off the DNA bridging interaction. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles 'Should I stay or should I go?' Deciding whether to go to hospital after a 999 call. Apr 2007 Alison Porter,Helen Snooks,Alison Youren,Sarah Gaze,Richard Whitfield,Frances Rapport,Malcolm Woollard OBJECTIVE: In most UK ambulance services, crews attending someone who has phoned the emergency services on '999' will take the patient to hospital, unless the patient makes the decision to stay at home (or wherever they happen to be when the ambulance arrives). Safety concerns have been raised abou... ( view more )t non-conveyance decisions. We undertook a study of one UK Ambulance Service to examine ambulance crew members' views on how decision-making about non-conveyance works in practice in relation to non-urgent calls. METHODS: A total of 25 paramedics took part in three focus groups. Focus groups were transcribed and analysed thematically. RESULTS: The ambulance service's apparently straightforward guidance on decision-making about non-conveyance proved tricky in the messiness of the real world, for two reasons. The first was to do with the notion of the patient's capacity to make decisions and how this was interpreted. The second was to do with the complexity of the decision-making process, in which the patient, the crew and, in many cases, family or carers often take part in negotiation and de facto joint decision-making. CONCLUSIONS: There is a mismatch between policy and practice in relation to non-conveyance decisions. Findings should be built into research and service development in this rapidly changing field of practice in emergency and/or unscheduled care. The commonly accepted perspective on shared decision-making should be extended to include the context of '999' ambulance calls. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Large-scale population-based study shows no association between common polymorphisms of the TGFB1 gene and BMD in women. Feb 2007 Fiona E A McGuigan,Helen M Macdonald,Amelia Bassiti,Rosemary Farmer,Stuart Bear,Alison Stewart,Alison Black,William D Fraser,Findlay Welsh,David M Reid,Stuart H Ralston The TGFB1 gene is a strong functional candidate for regulating genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis. We studied five common polymorphisms of TGFB1 in relation to osteoporosis-related phenotypes in a population-based cohort of 2975 British women, but found no significant association with bone mass... ( view more ), bone loss, bone markers, or fracture. INTRODUCTION: The gene encoding TGFB1 is a strong functional candidate for genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis. Several polymorphisms have been identified in TGFB1, and previous work has suggested that allelic variants of TGFB1 may regulate BMD and susceptibility to osteoporotic fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the relationship between common polymorphisms of TGFB1 and several osteoporosis-related phenotypes including BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, measured by DXA; bone loss over a 6-year period; biochemical markers of bone turnover (urinary free deoxypyridinoline and free pyridinoline/creatinine ratio and serum N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen), and fractures in a population-based study of 2975 women from the United Kingdom. Participants were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TGFB1 promoter (G-800A; rs1800468; C-509T; rs1800469), exon 1 (T29C; rs1982073 and G74C; rs1982073); and exon 5 (C788T; rs1800471) on PCR-generated fragments of genomic DNA. Haplotypes were constructed from genotype data using the PHASE software program, and genotypes and haplotypes were related to the phenotypes of interest using general linear model ANOVA, with correction for confounding factors including age, height, weight, menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use, physical activity score, and dietary calcium intake. RESULTS: The polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium, and four common haplotypes accounted for >95% of alleles at the locus. There was no association between individual SNPs and BMD, bone loss, or biochemical markers of bone turnover. Haplotype analysis showed a nominally significant association with femoral neck BMD (p = 0.042) and with incident osteoporotic fracture (p = 0.013), but these were not significant after correcting for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS: Common polymorphic variants of the TGFB1 gene did not influence BMD or bone loss in this population. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Estimating abdominal adipose tissue with DXA and anthropometry. Feb 2007 Alison M Hill,Joe LaForgia,Alison M Coates,Jonathan D Buckley,Peter R C Howe OBJECTIVE: To identify an anatomically defined region of interest (ROI) from DXA assessment of body composition that when combined with anthropometry can be used to accurately predict intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) in overweight/obese individuals. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Forty-one p... ( view more )ostmenopausal women (age, 49 to 66 years; BMI, 26 to 37 kg/m(2)) underwent anthropometric and body composition assessments. ROI were defined as quadrilateral boxes extending 5 or 10 cm above the iliac crest and laterally to the edges of the abdominal soft tissue. A single-slice computed tomography (CT) scan was measured at the L3 to L4 intervertebral space, and abdominal skinfolds were taken. RESULTS: Forward step-wise regression revealed the best predictor model of IAAT area measured by CT (r(2) = 0.68, standard error of estimate = 17%) to be: IAAT area (centimeters squared) = 51.844 + DXA 10-cm ROI (grams) (0.031) + abdominal skinfold (millimeters) (1.342). Interobserver reliability for fat mass (r = 0.994; coefficient of variation, 2.60%) and lean mass (r = 0.986, coefficient of variation, 2.67%) in the DXA 10-cm ROI was excellent. DISCUSSION: This study has identified a DXA ROI that can be reliably measured using prominent anatomical landmarks, in this case, the iliac crest. Using this ROI, combined with an abdominal skinfold measurement, we have derived an equation to predict IAAT in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. This approach offers a simpler, safer, and more cost-effective method than CT for assessing the efficacy of lifestyle interventions aimed at reducing IAAT. However, this warrants further investigation and validation with an independent cohort. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles The Arabidopsis thaliana multifunctional protein gene (MFP2) of peroxisomal beta-oxidation is essential for seedling establishment. Mar 2006 Elizabeth L Rylott,Peter J Eastmond,Alison D Gilday,Steve P Slocombe,Tony R Larson,Alison Baker,Ian A Graham The multifunctional protein (MFP) of peroxisomal beta-oxidation catalyses four separate reactions, two of which (2-trans enoyl-CoA hydratase and L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase) are core activities required for the catabolism of all fatty acids. We have isolated and characterized five Arabidopsis... ( view more ) thaliana mutants in the MFP2 gene that is expressed predominantly in germinating seeds. Seedlings of mfp2 require an exogenous supply of sucrose for seedling establishment to occur. Analysis of mfp2-1 seedlings revealed that seed storage lipid was catabolized more slowly, long-chain acyl-CoA substrates accumulated and there was an increase in peroxisome size. Despite a reduction in the rate of beta-oxidation, mfp2 seedlings are not resistant to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid, which is catabolized to the auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by beta-oxidation. Acyl-CoA feeding experiments show that the MFP2 2-trans enoyl-CoA hydratase only exhibits activity against long chain (C18:0) substrates, whereas the MFP2 L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase is active on C6:0, C12:0 and C18:0 substrates. A mutation in the abnormal inflorescence meristem gene AIM1, the only homologue of MFP2, results in an abnormal inflorescence meristem phenotype in mature plants (Richmond and Bleecker, Plant Cell 11, 1999, 1911) demonstrating that the role of these genes is very different. The mfp2-1 aim1double mutant aborted during the early stages of embryo development showing that these two proteins share a common function that is essential for this key stage in the life cycle. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Ubiquilin 1 polymorphisms are not associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Jan 2006 Scott Smemo,Petra Nowotny,Anthony L Hinrichs,John S K Kauwe,Sara Cherny,Katherine Erickson,Amanda J Myers,Mona Kaleem,Lauren Marlowe,Alison M Gibson,Paul Hollingworth,Michael C O'Donovan,Chris M Morris,Peter Holmans,Simon Lovestone,John C Morris,Leon Thal,Yonghong Li,Andrew Grupe,John Hardy,Michael J Owen,Julie Williams,Alison Goate Several studies have reported evidence for linkage of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) to chromosome 9. Recently, an intronic polymorphism affecting alternative splicing of exon 8 of ubiquilin 1 (UBQLN1) was reported to be associated with LOAD. We attempted to replicate this observation by gen... ( view more )otyping this polymorphism, rs12344615 (also known as UBQ-8i), in a large sample of 1,544 LOAD cases and 1,642 nondemented controls. We did not find any evidence that this single nucleotide polymorphism, or any of six others tested in UBQLN1, increases risk for LOAD. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Interviewing people with terminal illness: practical and ethical issues. 2006 Alison Chapple The material gathered can provide valuable insight but interviewing those in the latter stages of their lives poses a number of difficult issues for nurse researchers. Alison Chapple's article explores some of the dilemmas involved and explains how one researcher sought to overcome them. View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Large-scale population-based study shows no evidence of association between common polymorphism of the VDR gene and BMD in British women. Jan 2006 Helen M Macdonald,Fiona E McGuigan,Alison Stewart,Alison J Black,William D Fraser,Stuart Ralston,David M Reid The VDR is a candidate gene for osteoporosis. Here we studied five common polymorphisms of VDR in relation to calcium intake and vitamin D status in a population-based cohort of 3100 British women, but found no significant association with bone mass, bone loss, or fracture. INTRODUCTION: Population... ( view more ) studies of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have produced conflicting results. We performed a comprehensive study dealing with all potential confounders in a large population to determine whether polymorphisms in the VDR gene influence bone health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 3100 women (50-63 years old) with bone markers, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, PTH, diet, and physical activity collected in 1998-2000. BMD was measured in 1990-1994 and 1998-2000. Fracture prevalence was assessed in 2002. Women were genotyped for five polymorphisms in the VDR gene: Cdx-2, Fok1, Bsm1, Apa1, and Taq1. The relationship between VDR and BMD, and interactions between VDR genotype, dietary calcium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, were examined using analysis of covariance. RESULTS: Compared with carriers of the G allele, homozygotes for the rare Cdx-2 A polymorphism (n = 136) had less bone loss (-0.5 +/- 1.2 versus -0.7 +/- 1.0%/year [SD]; p = 0.01) and lower PTH (3.0 +/- 1.6 versus 3.4 +/- 2.0 pM; p = 0.03) despite similar vitamin D status. The association was not significant after correction for multiple testing or adjustment for confounders. At low calcium intakes, AA homozygotes had greater femoral neck (FN) BMD compared with carriers of the G allele, but at higher calcium intakes, the association was reversed. At low calcium intake, homozygotes for the b allele of Bsm1 had greater BMD compared with carriers of the B allele, but at higher calcium intakes, there was no difference. Similar results were seen for the Taq1 polymorphism. There was no evidence of gene-nutrient interaction when adjusted for body weight. No interactions between genotypes and vitamin D status on BMD were observed. CONCLUSIONS: VDR does not seem to influence BMD or bone turnover in early postmenopausal white women with adequate calcium intake. Gene-nutrient interactions on BMD may be an indirect consequence of interactions between genotype and calcium intake on weight. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Using imipenem and cilastatin during continuous renal replacement therapy. Oct 2005 Alison Cotton,Bryony Dean Franklin,Stephen Brett,Alison Holmes AIM: To identify and review studies which have sought to define the pharmacokinetics of imipenem and cilastatin in patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). METHOD: Literature was primarily identified using Pharmline, Embase and Medline databases using the search terms "imipen... ( view more )em," "haemofiltration," "haemodialysis" and "pharmacokinetics." Papers that discussed only intermittent haemodialysis were excluded. RESULTS: Seven papers were identified which described the pharmacokinetics of imipenem in patients receiving CRRT. Four different modes of CRRT were used. The methods of sampling, dosages used and assumptions made during pharmacokinetic calculations varied widely between the studies. Total body clearance of imipenem during CRRT in patients suffering from acute renal failure was found to range between 89 and 149 ml/min. Total body clearance of cilastatin ranged between 9 and 32 ml/min. Total body clearance of both imipenem and cilastatin was reduced in patients with chronic renal failure. Total body clearance of cilastatin was also reduced by impaired liver function. Dose recommendations made ranged between 500 mg 6-hourly and 500 mg 12-hourly. CONCLUSIONS: The heterogeneity of the studies identified prevents them being analysed as a single group. For meaningful dosage recommendations to be made, further studies are required using larger populations and with more detail regarding liver dysfunction and duration of renal failure. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Hepatocellular damage following therapeutic intravenous iron sucrose infusion in a child. Aug 2005 David Michael Wood,Alison H Thomson,Matthew Lawes,Alison Linda Jones,Paul Ivor Dargan The maximum tolerated single dose of intravenous iron infusion and iron pharmacokinetics are not known in children and not clear in adults. The case reported here is of a child given a large dose of intravenous iron sucrose (16 mg/kg) over 3 hours, who subsequently developed features of systemic ir... ( view more )on toxicity. A TDM consultant discusses the case in the context of toxicokinetic analysis. Because the maximum tolerated dose and pharmacokinetics of intravenous iron preparations are not known, their use in both adults and children should still be undertaken with caution. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Association studies between risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease and variants in insulin degrading enzyme. Jul 5, 2005 Petra Nowotny,Anthony L Hinrichs,Scott Smemo,John S K Kauwe,Taylor Maxwell,Peter Holmans,Marian Hamshere,Dragana Turic,Luke Jehu,Paul Hollingworth,Pamela Moore,Leslie Bryden,Amanda Myers,Lisa M Doil,Kristina M Tacey,Alison M Gibson,Ian G McKeith,Robert H Perry,Chris M Morris,Leon Thal,John C Morris,Michael C O'Donovan,Simon Lovestone,Andrew Grupe,John Hardy,Michael J Owen,Julie Williams,Alison Goate Linkage studies have suggested there is a susceptibility gene for late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in a broad region of chromosome 10. A strong positional and biological candidate is the gene encoding the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), a protease involved in the catabolism of Abeta. However, ... ( view more )previous association studies have produced inconsistent results. To systematically evaluate the role of variation in IDE in the risk for LOAD, we genotyped 18 SNPs spanning a 276 kb region in and around IDE, including three "tagging" SNPs identified in an earlier study. We used four case-control series with a total of 1,217 cases and 1,257 controls. One SNP (IDE_7) showed association in two samples (P-value = 0.0066, and P = 0.026, respectively), but this result was not replicated in the other two series. None of the other SNPs showed association with LOAD in any of the tested samples. Haplotypes, constructed from the three tagging SNPs, showed no globally significant association. In the UK2 series, the CTA haplotype was over-represented in cases (P = 0.046), and in the combined data set, the CCG haplotype was more frequent in controls (P = 0.015). However, these weak associations observed in our series were in the opposite direction to the results in previous studies. Although our results are not universally negative, we were unable to replicate the results of previous studies and conclude that common variants or haplotypes of these variants in IDE are not major risk factors for LOAD. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Using ultrasound to understand vascular and mantle contributions to venous return in the cephalopod Sepia officinalis L. Jun 2005 Alison J King,Stephen M Henderson,Matthias H Schmidt,Alison G Cole,Shelley A Adamo Using ultrasound imaging, we investigated the roles of the potentially contractile veins and of the mantle (the powerful body wall that moves water over the gills, and also encloses the large veins and the hearts) in returning the blood of cuttlefish to its hearts. Ultrasound provided the first non... ( view more )-invasive observations of vascular function in an unanaesthetized, free-moving cephalopod. The large veins (anterior vena cava, lateral venae cavae and efferent branchial vessels) contracted in live, intact cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis L.). The anterior vena cava contracted at the same rate as the mantle, but it often expanded during mantle contraction. Furthermore, the anterior vena cava contracted peristaltically in vivo, suggesting that it actively aids venous return. The lateral venae cavae and efferent branchial vessels contracted at the same rate as the branchial and systemic hearts, but at a different rate from the mantle. A peristaltic wave appeared to travel along the lateral venae cavae to the branchial hearts, potentially aiding venous return. We found a muscular valve between the anterior and lateral venae cavae, which ensured that blood flowed only one way between these unsynchronized vessels. The mantle appears to have an unclear connection with cardiovascular function. We conclude that, when cuttlefish are at rest, the mantle does not compress any of the large veins that we imaged (including the anterior vena cava), and that peristaltic contractions of the large veins might be important in returning cephalopod blood to the hearts. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Page 1 of 272 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (6799 articles found)

      
 ESRNexus is provided as a service by TrialStat Corporation. ESRNexus is a registered trademark of TrialStat Corporation. Copyright 2008. View a list of all articles here