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GST Primary GST Primary Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Im... Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Improvement - Diabetes Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibio... Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-b... Systematic review assessing the effect of ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibiotics Management Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-based Practice Center, 117 Encina Commons, Stanford, CA 94305-6019, Kathy.mcdonald@stanford.edu Systematic review assessing the effect of quality improvement strategies on appropriate prescribing of antibiotics and appropriate choice of antibiotics. Adherence Adherence Assistive Devices Assistive Devices Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan CLSA_9 CLSA_9 Cyberabuse Cyberabuse Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent ... This review included randomized trials abo... Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent Men who Batter Their Partners This review included randomized trials about the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on domestic violence. The intervention included programs based on the Duluth Model. The violence had to be committed by a male toward his female partner. The violence also had to be physical. The primary outcomes were new arrests and convictions, and new reports of violence. CABG vs PCI CABG vs PCI Quality Improvement Strategies for Prevent... Quality Improvement Strategies for Preventing Nosocomial Infections (Created 17-Feb-06) Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma Control Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce S... This review was the first part of a projec... Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the first part of a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of smoking cessation interventions on reducing socio-economic differences. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio... This review was the second part in a proje... Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the second part in a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of interventions on reducing socio-economic differences in diet and physical activity. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the d... Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the data in the published report. We used SRS only for an updated search. The review included randomized trials about the effect of welfare-to-work programs. Participants were welfare recipients. There were basically two types of programs. The educational type tried to build knowledge and skills in order to help the welfare recipients acquire jobs that could support them economically. The "work first" approach was more aimed at getting the participants quickly into a job. Exercise interventions for the management ... The objective of this systematic review wa... Exercise interventions for the management of frailty The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of current exercise interventions on the management of frailty. A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Psycinfo, Cinahl, Scopus, Ageline, Eric, and SportDiscus databases was conducted and produced 1808 citations. So far we have completed 2 levels of “title and abstract” screening and we ended up with 262 articles. We have just started the full text screening. Eligibility criteria included original studies whose participants were identified as frail or prefrail with specific criteria and in which structured physical activity was included as at least one component of the intervention. Create a free account, build a dictionary with saved terms to re-use later! Public Domestic Violence - Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Workfare Exercise Interventions for the Management of Frailty Search     Simple Advanced Refine (14 coded questions)  Any of these:   Exact Phrase: All of these: None of these: Author: Periodical: Projects: No restrictions   Libraries: Public   Select SRS Projects Show Saved Terms Select Library Show articles that do not have abstracts  Language English French German Italian Japanese Russian Spanish Afrikaans Albanian Unknown Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Chinese Croatian Czech Danish Dutch Esperanto Estonian Finnish Georgian Greek, Modern Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Kinyarwanda Korean Latin Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Malay Malayalam Maori Multiple Languages Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Pushto Romanian Sanskrit Scottish gaelic Serbian Slovak Slovenian Swedish Thai Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese Not English Not French Humans or Animals Humans Animals Type of Article Clinical Trial Editorial Letter Meta-Analysis Practice Guideline Randomized Controlled Trial Review Addresses Bibliography Biography Case Reports Classical Article Clinical Conference Clinical Trial, Phase I Clinical Trial, Phase II Clinical Trial, Phase III Clinical Trial, Phase IV Comment Comparative Study Consensus Development Conference Consensus Development Conference, NIH Controlled Clinical Trial Corrected and Republished Article Dictionary Directory Duplicate Publication English Abstract Evaluation Studies Festschrift Government Publications Guideline Historical Article Interview In Vitro Journal Article Lectures Legal Cases Legislation Multicenter Study News Newspaper Article Overall Patient Education Handout Periodical Index Published Erratum Retracted Publication Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 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Retraction of Publication Scientific Integrity Review Support of Research Technical Report Twin Study Validation Studies Not a Primary Study or Review Unknown Primary Study Case Series Case Control Cohort Study Observational Study Qualitative Research CBA or ITS Registry Double Blind Controlled before after study Quasi-randomized trial Simple before after study Cluster-RCT Non-Randomized Study Report Book Book chapter Dissertation Conference procedings Secondary Research Not RCT Ages All Infant: birth-23 months All Child: 0-18 years All Adult: 19+ years Newborn: birth-1 month Infant: 1-23 months Preschool Child: 2-5 years Child: 6-12 years Adolescent: 13-18 years Adult: 19-44 years Middle Aged: 45-64 years Middle Aged + Aged: 45+ years Aged: 65+ years 80 and over: 80+ years Undetermined Intervention Patient education Communication and counselling Patient involvement through self-monitoring Reminders Reinforcement or rewards Other (e.g. combined education and reminders) Unknown Educational Materials Group threrapy Couples threrapy Individual threrapy Healthy eating Increased physical activity Not Diet or Exercise Welfare-to-work program Patient Demograhics Welfare recipients Unknown Not on welfare Mean Age Percent high school diploma Percent GED or high school diploma Mean number of years of education Country Canada USA Can't Tell Undetermined Not USA Europe UK South America Asia Africa Disease Asthma Depression Hypertension Osteoporosis Type 2 Diabetes Not pre-specified disease Can't tell Relevant Study Notes questype Clinical Setting Intensive care unit Operating room General inpatient ward Other Unknown Outpatient Primary Care Clinic Outpatient specialty care clinic Urgent Care or Walk-in Clinic Emergency Department Academic Healthcare Setting VA Healthcare Setting Home School Work-Place Informed Consent Obtained Obtained from patients Obtained from parents or caregivers Obtained from providers Obtained from study participants other than patients, caregivers or providers Not obtained or not stated IRB approval Obtained Yes No or not stated Number of enrolling centers? questype Number of Primary Endpoints Reported questype Results(1-25 of 25,000) Sort By: Publication Date Relevance Took: 10.344 seconds to search 17,750,454  Action: Copy Results to new Clipboard Build Search Link Page 1 of 1000 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (25000 articles found) Metabolic syndrome: epidemiology and more extensive phenotypic description. Cross-sectional data from the Bruneck Study 2003 Bonora, E., Kiechl, S., Willeit, J., Oberhollenzer, F., Egger, G., Bonadonna, R. C., Muggeo, M., and Bruneck, study OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and at identifying its additional clinical features. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Within a prospective population-based survey examining 888 subjects aged 40-79 y, subjects were identified fulfilling the WHO ... ( view more )and the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) criteria for diagnosing the Metabolic Syndrome. In these subjects and in the rest of the sample (controls), several metabolic and nonmetabolic biochemical parameters were compared. RESULTS: The prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome by WHO criteria was 34.1% (95% CI 31.0-37.2) and by NCEP-ATPIII criteria 17.8% (15.5-20.3). The prevalence was significantly higher in older subjects and in those less physically active. Subjects with the Metabolic Syndrome either by WHO or by NCEP-ATPIII criteria showed higher levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B, urate, leptin, fibrinogen, leukocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, GOT, gamma-GT and soluble endothelial adhesion molecules (E-selectin, vascular adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and lower apolipoprotein A concentrations. Insulin resistance, as assessed by the Homeostasis Model Assessment, increased with the increase in the number of traits composing the syndrome found within the single individual. Subjects with insulin resistance had more pronounced abnormalities in several parameters, including the additional features of the syndrome (eg fibrinogen and soluble adhesion molecules). CONCLUSIONS: The Metabolic Syndrome occurs very frequently in the general population aged 40-79 y, and is associated with several additional metabolic and nonmetabolic abnormalities that likely contribute to an increased cardiovascular risk. Insulin resistance seems to play a major role in classic and additional abnormalities featuring the Metabolic Syndrome ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Diabetes and incidence of functional disability in older women 2002 Gregg, E. W., Mangione, C. M., Cauley, J. A., Thompson, T. J., Schwartz, A. V., Ensrud, K. E., Nevitt, M. C., and Study, OfOsteoporoticFracturesResearchGroup OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between diabetes and the incidence of functional disability and to determine the predictors of functional disability among older women with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed data from 8,344 women enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures... ( view more ), a prospective cohort of women aged > or =65 years. Diabetes (n = 527, 6.3% prevalence) and comorbidities (coronary heart disease, stroke, arthritis, depression, and visual impairment) were assessed by questionnaire and physical examination. Incident disability, defined as onset of inability to do one or more major functional tasks (walking 0.25 mile, climbing 10 steps, performing household chores, shopping, and cooking meals), was assessed by questionnaire over 12 years. RESULTS: The yearly incidence of any functional disability was 9.8% among women with diabetes and 4.8% among women without diabetes. The age-adjusted hazard rate ratio (HRR) of disability for specific tasks associated with diabetes ranged from 2.12 (1.82-2.48) for doing housework to 2.50 (2.05-3.04) for walking two to three blocks. After adjustment for potential confounders at baseline (BMI, physical activity, estrogen use, baseline functional status, visual impairment, and marital status) and comorbidities (heart disease, stroke, depression, and arthritis), diabetes remained associated with a 42% increased risk of any incident disability and a 53-98% increased risk of disability for specific tasks. Among women with diabetes, older age, higher BMI, coronary heart disease, arthritis, physical inactivity, and severe visual impairment at baseline were each independently associated with disability. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes is associated with an increased incidence of functional disability, which is likely to further erode health status and quality of life ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Functional decline in frail community-dwelling stroke patients 2006 Landi, F., Onder, G., Cesari, M., Zamboni, V., Russo, A., Barillaro, C., Bernabei, R., and The Silvernet-HC study group Patients who suffer a stroke event are at high risk of functional decline after the post-acute rehabilitation period. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of factors associated with functional decline in a large sample of older patients with stroke living in the community. The study popu... ( view more )lation consisted of all patients admitted to home care programs after a post-acute rehabilitation program--with at least 1 year of follow-up--in twenty-two Italian Home Health Agencies from 2000 to 2002 (n=1338). For the present study we selected 355 (26%) patients with diagnosis of stroke. After 1 year of in-home care program, 149 out of 355 stroke survivors (42%) had presented a worsening in the activities of daily living (ADL) scale score. In the final adjusted model, patients with cognitive impairment (OR 2.59, 95% CI, 1.45-4.64), pressure ulcer (OR 2.74, 95% CI, 1.45-5.18), urinary incontinence (OR 1.64, 95% CI, 1.01-3.29), or hearing impairment (OR 1.83, 95% CI, 1.02-3.29) were more likely to significantly decline in physical functioning after a period of 1 year in-home care program. Our study documents that functional decline of stroke patients was largely dependent on specific subjects' clinical characteristics. Three of four concomitant disabling conditions associated in our sample with functional decline--pressure ulcer, urinary incontinence, hearing--can be prevented and eventually treated or modified. Appropriate post-acute rehabilitation programs and adequate home care interventions focused on the prevention and treatment of these conditions might be correlated to better outcomes in older post-stroke patients ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Models of functional organization as a method for detecting cognitive deficits: data from a sample of social drinkers 1994 Tracy, J. I. and Bates, M. E. Literature on the cognitive deficits associated with social drinkers' chronic use of alcohol at moderate to heavy levels is equivocal. As an alternative to detecting impairment through measures of mean performance levels, the functional organization of cognitive skills in infrequent and heavy alcoh... ( view more )ol users was compared. Subjects (N = 364) were adolescent and young adult participants in a longitudinal study of health status and psychoactive substance use. LISREL was used to identify group invariance in the number and nature of cognitive components underlying performance. Results showed that a model with three cognitive components (general intelligence/abstraction, spatial relations/visual-motor speed, and immediate memory) best represented performance in both infrequent use and heavy use groups. There were some group differences in the role of unspecified processing components, but no clear evidence for alcohol-related shifts in functional organization was found. The hypothesis of cognitive compensation, which highlights methodological problems in deficit-detection research, is evaluated with respect to the potential value of using changes in functional organization, that is, the latent structure of performance, to uncover the neurotoxic effects of alcohol or other drug use. More definitive tests of the compensation hypothesis will require prospective, within-subject comparisons of functional organization in clinical as well as nonclinical samples ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Grip strength, postural control, and functional leg power in a representative cohort of British men and women: associations with physical activity, health status, and socioeconomic conditions 2005 Kuh, D., Bassey, E. J., Butterworth, S., Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M. E., and the Musculoskeletal Study Team BACKGROUND: Understanding the health, behavioral, and social factors that influence physical performance in midlife may provide clues to the origins of frailty in old age and the future health of elderly populations. The authors evaluated muscle strength, postural control, and chair rise performanc... ( view more )e in a large representative prospective cohort of 53-year-old British men and women in relation to functional limitations, body size, health and activity, and socioeconomic conditions. METHODS: Nurses interviewed 2984 men and women in their own homes in England, Scotland, and Wales and conducted physical examinations in 2956 of them. Objective measures were height, weight, and three physical performance tests: handgrip strength, one-legged standing balance time, and time to complete 10 chair rises. Functional limitations (difficulties walking, stair climbing, gripping, and falls), health status, physical activity, and social class were obtained using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Those with the worst scores on the physical performance tests had higher rates of functional limitations for both upper and lower limbs. Women had much weaker handgrip strength, somewhat poorer balance time, and only slightly poorer chair rise time compared with men. In women, health problems and low levels of physical activity contributed to poor physical performance on all three measures. In men, physical activity was the predominant influence. Heavier weight and poorer socioeconomic conditions contributed to poorer balance and chair rise times. CONCLUSIONS: In this representative middle-aged group, physical performance levels varied widely, and women were seriously disadvantaged compared with men. In general, physical performance was worse for men and women living in poorer socioeconomic conditions with greater body weight, poorer health status, and inactive lifestyles. These findings support recommendations for controlling excess body weight, effective health interventions, and the maintenance of active lifestyles during aging ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Using situation analysis data to assess the functioning of family planning clinics in Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. 1994 Jan-Feb B Mensch,A Fisher,I Askew,A Ajayi Situation analyses conducted in Nigeria. Tanzania, and Zimbabwe have revealed problems in the functioning of many of the subsystems of family planning service delivery, namely in supplies of commodities; in facilities and equipment; in staffing and training; in information, education, and communica... ( view more )tion; and in record keeping. Although a clear pattern of clinic use exists, in that only a few service-delivery points provide contraceptive services to the majority of new family planning acceptors in the three countries, an attempt to explain how clinics with more clients differ from those that are visited less frequently revealed only a weak association between subsystem functioning and use. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Functional and clinical changes in upper limb spastic patients treated with botulinum toxin (BTX) 2000 Panizza, M., Castagna, M., Di Summa, A., Saibene, L., Grioni, G., and Nilsson, J. Spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes (muscle tone) with exaggerated tendon jerks. In order to study the usefulness of botulinum toxin type A (BTX) as a therapy for spasticity, we studied 15 patients affected by spasticity secondary ... ( view more )to stroke. Tests included: clinical evaluation of tone (Ashworth scale); active angles of extension and flexion at elbow and wrist; Hmax/Mmax ratio from flexor carpi radialis (FCR); H-reflex presynaptic inhibition from FCR during vibration; Task score; and video recording. Patients were injected with BTX into one or more muscles with total doses not exceeding 200 International Units (IU). The tests were performed immediately prior to injection and repeated 2 weeks afterwards. Furthermore, in eight patients, testing was also performed one month after BTX injection. Between two weeks and one month after BTX there were no statistically significant differences. A statistically significant difference in the Task and Ashworth scores before and after treatment emerged (p<0.0014), but only 6 patients showed a clear improvement in motor performance. Overall, we observed an improvement in the angle of active extension and flexion at the wrist and elbow. There were no significant changes in the Hmax/Mmax ratio and the H-reflex presynaptic inhibition during vibration. All the patients reported a subjective improvement. The results suggest that subjective benefits can be gained from the use of BTX in patients affected by spasticity, and that the degree of motor improvement seems to depend on the motor recovery obtained before treatment ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles From clinical data records to research: a database system for the study of clinical and functional indicators of chronic heart failure 1997 Pinna, G. D., Opasich, C., Massimo, S., Perinati, L., Cobelli, F., and Tavazzi, L. The identification of reliable clinical and functional indicators of Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) is currently a major research challenge for physicians dealing with this pathology. With the aim of providing an adequate infrastructure for this research, we have developed a Database System where all ... ( view more )relevant information concerning CHF patients during follow-up can be efficiently recorded, monitored, extracted and easily transferred to commercial packages for data processing and statistical analysis. Patient clinical status is recorded every 6 months, whereas data from several laboratory investigations are recorded every 12 months. All complications or events between two successive controls are recorded too. Patients needing cardiac transplantation are entered in a transplantation waiting list. The Database is fully integrated into the Hospital Information System and meets the standards of the national database of CHF patients. It grows with the concurrent activity of several independent teams, all of which have access to complete and structured information for research purposes. A user-friendly procedure allows the export in a standard format (Microsoft Excel) of all patients' data pertaining to a selected set of controls and variables of interest. These data are used directly for analysis or sub-selections are performed by the investigator through a simple query language. Depending on the objectives and complexity of the research, different commercial statistical analysis packages are available, which are used by clinical investigators autonomously or with the aid of a statistician. This overall approach allows great autonomy of each user in extracting, manipulating and statistically analyzing data. The Database has been in use at the Heart Failure Unit of our Rehabilitation Center since October 1992 and 595 patients have been enrolled since then. Several studies based on these data have been performed and more than 120 scientific communications and 30 articles in national and international journals have been produced. Hence, this experience represents a successful example of how clinical data records can be efficiently and effectively linked to valuable clinical research ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Weighing the care: patients' perceptions of physician care as a function of gender and weight 2003 Hebl, M. R., Xu, J., and Mason, M. F. OBJECTIVE: To examine patients' reports of the level of care that they receive from their physicians, and determine the influence of weight and gender in these reports. DESIGN:: In a four-cell design, male and female, overweight and nonoverweight patients reported on the medical care that they rece... ( view more )ived immediately following their appointment. SUBJECTS: A total of 125 patients affiliated to one of four large clinics in the Texas Medical Center of Houston completed this study. MEASUREMENTS: Patients reported the positivity of the care that they received, the time that physicians spent with them, and the extent to which physicians discussed weight-related topics with them. RESULTS: Overweight patients, as a whole, did not report poorer levels of care than did their thinner counterparts. Rather, the weight and gender of the patient significantly interacted across each of the measures to reveal some divergence between male and female patients' weight-based experiences. When significant differences in reported perceptions emerged, overweight men reported deficits in care relative to average weight men (eg, physicians spent less time), whereas overweight women reported enhanced care relative to average weight women (eg, better levels of care, more topics discussed). CONCLUSION: Based on patients' reports, this study reveals that physician care may not be as influenced by patient weight as previously thought. Yet, there is a discernable impact of patients' weight on physician behavior. Overweight men, who may comprise the most at-risk population, indicate that less time is spent with them than that indicated by average weight men. While this may be alarming, overweight women do not report reductions in care. We propose that not only might physicians respond to them differently, but overweight female patients may also be engaging in denial strategies or compensatory behaviors that assure them of quality care ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles A qualitative study of clandestine contraceptive use in urban Mali. Sep 1999 S Castle,M K Konaté,P R Ulin,S Martin This prospective study uses qualitative methods to examine the social and economic impact of family planning on women's lives in the district of Bamako, Mali. Fifty-five first-time users of contraceptives were interviewed in October 1996. Of particular interest is the high proportion (17/55) of tho... ( view more )se who had hidden their use of a birth-control method from their husbands. Substantial collusion is found to have occurred between sisters-in-law in assisting each other to gain and hide methods of family planning and to keep their use secret from their spouses and older marital relatives. The main reason for discontinuation among the clandestine users was menstrual disruption, which they feared would make their husbands aware of their contraceptive use. By the end of the study, women were aware that their use of contraceptives had increased their mobility and available time, enabling them to enhance the quantity and efficiency of their work activities. Contraception, therefore, appears to be a valuable resource, permitting women to improve their economic and social status. In settings where clandestine use is prevalent, at least in the short term involving men in family planning programs may not always be beneficial, nor may considering the couple as the unit of intervention and analysis always be appropriate. In the long term, however, the underlying causes of men's objections to contraceptive use need to be addressed so as to facilitate communication and joint decisionmaking about family planning. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Methodological issues in the South African incomplete abortion study. Sep 1997 R K Jewkes,S Fawcus,H Rees,C J Lombard,J Katzenellenbogen In 1994, a national hospital-based study was undertaken of cases of incomplete abortion presenting to public hospitals in South Africa. Data were collected for all women admitted to a random sample of hospitals with incomplete abortion during a two-week period. The WHO protocol for such studies was... ( view more ) used as a basis for developing the methods to describe the epidemiology of incomplete abortion and hospital management of cases. Attempts were made to estimate the proportion of cases that might have been induced. This report focuses on methodological issues arising from the study that have implications for future research. The findings demonstrate that only a small proportion of the women acknowledged having had an induced abortion and that only a few of those who did showed evidence of interference with pregnancy. Clinical opinion of sepsis and the likelihood of induction were found to be highly unreliable. These findings considerably reduce the usefulness of the WHO-protocol method of estimating the likely origin of incomplete abortions. Results presented in terms of three partially overlapping descriptive categories are judged to better reflect the limitations of the data collected. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles A critical review of fertility studies. 1997 N L Patarra,M C De Oliveira The authors critically examine the theoretical and methodological bases of fertility studies, with a focus on Latin America. "Having shown that the type of concenptualization utilized in fertility studies is derived from a defined theoretical framework, that of modernization theory, we move on to a... ( view more )n analysis of the fundamental elements of this theory and its implications and limitations in the study of reproductive behavior." ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [Economic development and married women's employment in Taiwan: a study of female marginalization] Jul 1994 Y Lu As in other developing countries, the industrial development in Taiwan seems to marginalize female workers. This study tries to examine the trend of women's employment status, using both macro- and micro-level data. The statistics suggest that female employment had significantly declined during the... ( view more ) early stages of industrialization. Although rapid economic development has expanded women's job opportunities, most women are concentrated in lower-status jobs and the informal sector. Informal employment is especially prevalent among married women. In the micro-level analysis the study examines the factors that led to the marginalization of women's labor force. The empirical analysis applies a multinomial logistic model to a 1980 KAP (knowledge, attitude, and practice) survey sample of 3859 married women. The results suggest that married women's work patterns in terms of formal vs. informal employment are determined by the family organization rather than by labor market conditions. Wives from families with small businesses are more likely to be involved in informal employment. Wives also tend to work informally when they have young children. On the other hand, the effects of labor market conditions are mediated by the types of family economy. Therefore the women's informal employment in Taiwan, as a characteristic of female marginalization, is the result of the sexual division of labor in the family organization and the prevalence of the family business, rather than that of being excluded into the marginal forms of employment through the process of capitalistic production, as argued by the female marginalization theorists. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Demographic crisis and recovery: a case study of the Xavante of Pimentel Barbosa. Mar 1994 N Flowers This case study of the Xavante of Pimentel Barbosa is an example of an Amazonian Indian group that, when exposed to White society, experienced the common history of diseases and social disruption, and then eventually, recovered from the demographic shock, increased fertility, and reduced mortality.... ( view more ) Early contact for the Xavante was during the early 18th century in Goias state, Brazil; by the end of the 19th century the Xavante had migrated west into Mato Grosso in isolation. Brazilian government interests (1940s) and a research expeditionary group (1962) resulted in health posts and extensive genetic, epidemiologic, and demographic studies. The results showed good physical and nutritional status, but stress from epidemic disease and social disruption. Conditions had improved by 1976, and the battle was with encroaching ranchers. Strong indian political action led to the securing of boundaries within the Pimentel Barbosa reservation by 1977. The population doubled from 249 in 1977 to 411 in 1988, and increased to 3 villages. There was evidence of a return to more traditional practices. Data collection for this analysis occurred during 1976-77 and 1988 and 1990. Results were provided for recent demographic change, recent births and deaths, factors affecting fertility, fertility change, parity and infant mortality, life expectancy changes, infanticide, population growth, marriage patterns, and health changes. Fertility histories were collected from 71 women in 1971 and 109 women in 1990. Difficulties were encountered due to Xavante differences in enumeration of children. In the comparison of the surveys in 1977 and 1990, there was close correspondence of reported births, and discrepancies of 4-9 births and in age at death. The difficulties encountered were attributed to problems with interpreters. The demographic analysis showed evidence of introduced diseases, which increased infant mortality and threatened population replacement, followed by decreased infant mortality and a large cohort of reproductive age women increasing population growth. The history of this and similar populations is one of a rise and fall in population since colonial times. The seminomadic nature of this group may have saved them from extinction. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Rural electrification: a study of socio-economic and fertility change in Rivers State, Nigeria. Dec 1991 E Sokari-george,J O Emeruem,S H Dimkpa-harry "In Nigeria many rural communities are currently undergoing rapid economic and socio-cultural transformations, including a decline in fertility....This paper contends that rural electrification is a major factor contributing to the changes, especially in family planning practice which eventually re... ( view more )sults in fertility decline. Two communities were selected for case study: one with electricity and the other without electricity. The data reveals that family planning is practised more in the electrified community than the non-electrified one, and there has been a significant decline in fertility." ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [[A study on sex ratio variation in Korea].] Dec 1989 K S Baeg,S B Lee "The purpose of this study is to find out the trend of sex ratio variation in [the Republic of] Korea. The data...were derived from the government publications including the Population and Housing Census Reports covering the period of 1960-1985 and the Korea Urbanic Year Book, 1985. The major fin... ( view more )dings of the study are summarized as follows: The average sex ratio in all age groups is 100.17-101.44 from 1960 through 1980. Sex ratio imbalance was most severe in 1960 due to the Korean War." Sex ratios are compared among urban and rural areas and for industrialized and agricultural areas. (SUMMARY IN ENG) ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles A study of the use of model mothers as family planning motivators in a Thai rural village. Jan 1989 C Sirikulchayanonta A 22-month study was carried out in Lopburi, a province in the Central region of Thailand, during 1985-1987. The study aimed to use model mothers as family planning (FP) motivators to determine their effectiveness. 2 non-contiguous rural villages were chosen, one as the control (Muban Nokkhoaplao... ( view more ), Khoksamrong district) and the other (Muban Delung, Pattananikome district) as the intervention village. The population to be studied were married women of reproductive age (MWRA) in the study area. 7 model mothers were recruited from the intervention village. They were given a 5-day training course in motivation and communication skills and worked for 12 months f.p. motivators. The baseline and post-intervention survey were conducted in 2 villages. 65% of previous non-users in the intervention group became users but only 46% in the control village. The difference was statistically significant at 0.10 level. (Author's). ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [A qualitative study on the reasons why the rural people in Nan province use contraceptive] Jul 1988 Y Sawangdee The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons that rural people in Nan Province choose particular contraceptive methods, and places of services. The study utilizes the data from the study on the Impact and Efficiency of the Family Planning Program in Thailand: Phase II, which applied in... ( view more )-depth interview and small group discussion techniques. Findings indicate that wanting to limit the number of children to 2, wanting to space pregnancy, the limit of land, the conflict with working situation, and economic hardship are the reasons for using family planning. The major sources of contraception are health center, community health office, village health volunteer, village health practitioner, the border patrol police unit, and the military unit including other government agencies in the areas. As for the reasons for choosing a particular contraceptive method, convenience in practice and on obtaining services, desire for more children and concern over side effects are important. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [A study on health indicator and health affecting factors] Jul 1987 C K Yoon,J K Kim Findings on the relationship between health indicators and health-affecting factors in both developing and developed countries, are reported. Regression analysis was used to detect the relationship between a health status indicator and 11 health-affecting factors. The study revealed a high inter... ( view more )relationship (over .95) between infant mortality rates and life expectancy, a finding that appears to justify the claim that, in developing countries, high infant mortality rates have contributed to lower life expectancy. Stepwise regression showed that infant mortality had a high correlation with both the health services and socioeconomic variables, while life expectancy was most closely associated with socioeconomic variables. 3 possible explanations for the striking degree of correlation found between health status and adult literacy rates are presented: 1) literacy rates represent the general level of education, which in turn reflect the level of socioeconomic development; 2) adult literacy and health status are linked by health education; and 3) a vicious cycle exists between low education level, poor health, and low incomes. Additionally, while the study confirmed the expected strong relationship between the number of physicians and health status, this relationship was weaker than the correlation between adult literacy levels and health status. Finally, the analytical results for the developed and developing countries were markedly different. In developed countries, the selected health-affecting factors do not explain the health status very well, suggesting that in these countries the selected health services and socioeconomic factors generally have little effect on health. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Study on effectiveness of different types of supervision for primary health care in rural Korea. Jul 1984 Y Y Kim The results of a multivariate analysis of different types of supervisory models for primary health care (PHC) supervisors in rural health centers in Korea were presented. The study's hypotheses, conceptual model, methodology, and descriptive results were published under the same title in the Journ... ( view more )al of Population and Health Studies, Volume 3, Number 2, July 1983. The results of the study indicated that effective supervision increased acceptance and use of PHC services. Active supervisors were more effective than passive supervisors, and the performance of health workers improved when their work was more intensely monitored and evaluated. Supervisory model A was somewhat better than model B; however, different models might work better in some communities than in other communities. Implications of the study are that supervisory training should be upgraded, and a licensing procedure for supervisors should be established. The training program should enhance the supervisors commitment to PHC and to the welfare of the rural community. A system should be developed for the monitoring and evaluation of training programs and PHC programs. Community involvement in the PHC system is also important, and an effective supervisor can paly a vital role in creating an atmosphere conducive to community involvement. An effort should also be made to recruit supervisors and health workers form the local community. The results of the multivariate analysis are given in tabular form. (summary in KOR). ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Fertility impact of sex composition and sequence among Korean women: an exploratory study. Jul 1984 H T Lee The results of a son preference survey of 832 currently married women, aged 15-49 years, in the Kyongbuk Province of Korea were presented and the Korean son preference data was then compared to sex preference data available for several other countries. Pregnancy history data obtained from the surv... ( view more )eyed women was examined using logit analytic technics. The analysis generated odds of not moving on from the Kth parity to the K+1th parity when the Kth parity was a girl, when the Kth parity was boy, and when the Kth parity was disregarded. The odds of not moving on to the next higher parity when the sex of the previous parity was ignored were 0.433 to 1 for the 1st to 2nd parity, 0.783 to 1 for the 2nd to the 3rd parity, 1.492 to 1 for the 3rd to the 4th parity, and 2.555 to 1 for the 4th parity. The impact on the odds of not going on to the next parity when the previous birth was a son were assessed and found to be statistically significant in reference to the movement from the 2nd to the 3rd parity and from the 3rd to the 4th parity. The odds of not moving on from a 2nd to a 3rd parity were 1.276 to 1 when the previous birth provided a son and 3.724 to 1 when the previous birth provided a daughter. The odds of not going on to the 4th parity were 1.405 to 1 if the 3rd birth provided a boy and 1.528 to 1 if both the 2nd and 3rd births were boys. Findings concerning the movement from the 4th parity to higher levels were for the most part unreliable due to the small number of cases in each cell; however, the results did tend to indicate that as family size increased, the impact of son preference on fertility was weakened. Data from World Fertility Surveys and from other studies indicated that son preference was stronger in Korea than in any other country. When data from 14 countries was analyzed in reference to a son preference scale, Korea ranked highest on the scale followed by Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Panama had a preference for a balanced sex ratio, and Peru, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, and Indonesia showed a preference for daughters. When the sex ratios of the last wanted birth were compared for Korea and 17 other countries, Korea had the most extreme sex ratio. The ratio was 151.6 males/100 females. Results of another survey showed that the mean ideal number of children in Korea was 3.65, the mean ideal number of sons was 2.20, and the ideal family sex ratio was 1.52. These means were similar, but slightly higher, than those observed in India. The study results were presented in tabular form. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles [Sources and methods for the study of the foreign population in Italy] Sep 1983 M Natale The statistical sources and methods relevant to the study of the foreign population in Italy are described. Consideration is given to the problem of distinguishing returning migrants of Italian origin from foreign immigrants. An overview of the surveys conducted in Italy on foreign immigrants is ... ( view more )provided. Topics covered include direct and indirect methods of estimation, the measurement of migrant stocks and flows, and the need to distinguish between surveys dealing with the total migrant population and the labor force. Finally, a description of the geographic distribution of the foreign population in Italy is presented. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Marriage practices in contemporary China: a comparative study of urban and rural marriages in Taiwan. Dec 1982 H Wei,U Reischl Results are presented from a field study carried out in 1978 to examine differences in marriage practices between rural and urban families in northern Taiwan. The data concern 1,228 couples and include information on attitudes regarding mate selection, parents' attitudes toward children's marriage... ( view more ), attitudes toward marriage in the family context, and age at first marriage. The continuation of more traditional attitudes toward marriage in rural areas is noted. The age at marriage is higher in urban areas, and a relationship between higher educational level and later marriage is observed. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles A cross-cultural study of menstruation: implications for contraceptive development and use. World Health Organization Task Force on Psychosocial Research in Family Planning, Special Programme of Research, Development and Research, Training in Human Reproduction. Jan 1981 This survey of 14 cultural groups in 10 countries provides data on the acceptability of changes in menstrual bleeding, the perceived characteristics of menstruation, and the relationship between menstrual beliefs and behavior. Results show that women are aware of the duration of their blood loss, ... ( view more )the nature of menstrual blood, the physical discomforts associated with menstruation, but that they often confuse "duration" and "amount" of blood loss. This study also demonstrates that in order to have an accurate and useful definition of menstruation, it is necessary to delineate the separate elements of menstruation. Recommendations are made concerning information that should be provided by family planning personnel to their clients. Acceptable characteristics of new fertility regulating methods with regard to menstrual disturbances are discussed. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles A study on wanted number and sex composition of children of women in a Korean rural area, based on Coombs Preference Scale. Apr 1976 C E Park,M I Kim Demographic and socioeconomic differentials in preference for number and sex of children in a rural community in Korea based on the Coomb's Preference Scale are discussed. The Coombs Scale consists of 7 quasi-interval values from 1 to 7; point 4 indicates an unbiased attitude toward family size or... ( view more ) sex composition, and departure in either direction indicates the degree of preference. The study population was 239 women aged 20-49 who were living with their husbands in Kang Wha Koon, Korea, July 1974. The average age of the women was 36 years, the educational level was below the national average, most depended on agriculture for their living, and more than 1/2 had no religion. The number of children (IN) was 4.619 denoting a large number of preference, and the scale for sex bias (IS) was 5.322, showing son preference. IN revealed a positive relationship with age, and the IN scores showed a significant relationship with education. Number of live births, number of living children, and number of children wanted were significantly related to both IS and IN scores. IN scores were significantly related to the woman's education and her contraceptive history. The 2 preference indexes did not seem to be correlated. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Page 1 of 1000 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (25000 articles found)

      
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