Medical and Societal information from the Research Community	Number of Articles: 17,750,454 Number of Contributors: 57 Number of Queries: 12,901,669
	Save this page:  Send this page	Login  or Create a Free Account

GST Primary GST Primary Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Im... Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Improvement - Diabetes Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibio... Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-b... Systematic review assessing the effect of ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibiotics Management Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-based Practice Center, 117 Encina Commons, Stanford, CA 94305-6019, Kathy.mcdonald@stanford.edu Systematic review assessing the effect of quality improvement strategies on appropriate prescribing of antibiotics and appropriate choice of antibiotics. Adherence Adherence Assistive Devices Assistive Devices Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan CLSA_9 CLSA_9 Cyberabuse Cyberabuse Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent ... This review included randomized trials abo... Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent Men who Batter Their Partners This review included randomized trials about the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on domestic violence. The intervention included programs based on the Duluth Model. The violence had to be committed by a male toward his female partner. The violence also had to be physical. The primary outcomes were new arrests and convictions, and new reports of violence. CABG vs PCI CABG vs PCI Quality Improvement Strategies for Prevent... Quality Improvement Strategies for Preventing Nosocomial Infections (Created 17-Feb-06) Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma Control Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce S... This review was the first part of a projec... Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the first part of a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of smoking cessation interventions on reducing socio-economic differences. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio... This review was the second part in a proje... Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the second part in a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of interventions on reducing socio-economic differences in diet and physical activity. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the d... Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the data in the published report. We used SRS only for an updated search. The review included randomized trials about the effect of welfare-to-work programs. Participants were welfare recipients. There were basically two types of programs. The educational type tried to build knowledge and skills in order to help the welfare recipients acquire jobs that could support them economically. The "work first" approach was more aimed at getting the participants quickly into a job. Exercise interventions for the management ... The objective of this systematic review wa... Exercise interventions for the management of frailty The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of current exercise interventions on the management of frailty. A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Psycinfo, Cinahl, Scopus, Ageline, Eric, and SportDiscus databases was conducted and produced 1808 citations. So far we have completed 2 levels of “title and abstract” screening and we ended up with 262 articles. We have just started the full text screening. Eligibility criteria included original studies whose participants were identified as frail or prefrail with specific criteria and in which structured physical activity was included as at least one component of the intervention. Create a free account, build a dictionary with saved terms to re-use later! Public Domestic Violence - Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Workfare Exercise Interventions for the Management of Frailty Search     Simple Advanced Refine (11 coded questions)  Any of these:   Exact Phrase: All of these: None of these: Author: Periodical: Projects: No restrictions   Libraries: Public   Select SRS Projects Show Saved Terms Select Library Show articles that do not have abstracts  Type of Article Clinical Trial Editorial Letter Meta-Analysis Practice Guideline Randomized Controlled Trial Review Addresses Bibliography Biography Case Reports Classical Article Clinical Conference Clinical Trial, Phase I Clinical Trial, Phase II Clinical Trial, Phase III Clinical Trial, Phase IV Comment Comparative Study Consensus Development Conference Consensus Development Conference, NIH Controlled Clinical Trial Corrected and Republished Article Dictionary Directory Duplicate Publication English Abstract Evaluation Studies Festschrift Government Publications Guideline Historical Article Interview In Vitro Journal Article Lectures Legal Cases Legislation Multicenter Study News Newspaper Article Overall Patient Education Handout Periodical Index Published Erratum Retracted Publication Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Retraction of Publication Scientific Integrity Review Support of Research Technical Report Twin Study Validation Studies Not a Primary Study or Review Unknown Primary Study Case Series Case Control Cohort Study Observational Study Qualitative Research CBA or ITS Registry Double Blind Controlled before after study Quasi-randomized trial Simple before after study Cluster-RCT Non-Randomized Study Report Book Book chapter Dissertation Conference procedings Secondary Research Not RCT Ages All Infant: birth-23 months All Child: 0-18 years All Adult: 19+ years Newborn: birth-1 month Infant: 1-23 months Preschool Child: 2-5 years Child: 6-12 years Adolescent: 13-18 years Adult: 19-44 years Middle Aged: 45-64 years Middle Aged + Aged: 45+ years Aged: 65+ years 80 and over: 80+ years Undetermined Language English French German Italian Japanese Russian Spanish Afrikaans Albanian Unknown Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Chinese Croatian Czech Danish Dutch Esperanto Estonian Finnish Georgian Greek, Modern Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Kinyarwanda Korean Latin Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Malay Malayalam Maori Multiple Languages Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Pushto Romanian Sanskrit Scottish gaelic Serbian Slovak Slovenian Swedish Thai Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese Not English Not French Humans or Animals Humans Animals Intervention Patient education Communication and counselling Patient involvement through self-monitoring Reminders Reinforcement or rewards Other (e.g. combined education and reminders) Unknown Educational Materials Group threrapy Couples threrapy Individual threrapy Healthy eating Increased physical activity Not Diet or Exercise Welfare-to-work program Country Canada USA Can't Tell Undetermined Not USA Europe UK South America Asia Africa Type of Hospital Where Study Conducted Tertiary care or university hospital Community hospital with residents Non-teaching community hospital More than one hospital of different types Unknown Clinical Setting Intensive care unit Operating room General inpatient ward Other Unknown Outpatient Primary Care Clinic Outpatient specialty care clinic Urgent Care or Walk-in Clinic Emergency Department Academic Healthcare Setting VA Healthcare Setting Home School Work-Place Study Attributes Involved Patient Education Involved Provider Education Adverse Events Reported Yes No Patient Demograhics Welfare recipients Unknown Not on welfare Mean Age Percent high school diploma Percent GED or high school diploma Mean number of years of education Results(1-25 of 25,000) Sort By: Publication Date Relevance Took: 4.265 seconds to search 17,750,454  Action: Copy Results to new Clipboard Build Search Link Page 1 of 1000 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (25000 articles found) Meeting the nutrition challenge: a call to arms. Jul 1997 United Nations. Administrative Committee on Coordination. Sub-Committee on Nutrition Recent data points to a slowdown in the rate of nutritional advance in many regions of the world and a downturn in some countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This slowdown, however, is unnecessary. Even over the past 5 years, major advances have been made in some areas of nutrition, partic... ( view more )ularly in reducing by 1.5 billion the number of people at risk from iodine deficiency disorders. The world, working together as an international community, can make progress in nutrition. In 1992, the governments of 159 countries adopted the World Declaration and Plan of Action for Nutrition, declaring their determination to eliminate hunger and reduce all forms of malnutrition. By adopting the declaration and plan of action, governments agreed to develop national plans of action, using the technical expertise of UN agencies. As of 1996, 106 countries had prepared national plans of action for nutrition and most countries in which the national plan has been endorsed by the government are actively pursuing its implementation. Several countries, however, especially the poorest, lack the human and financial resources needed for implementation. Now, almost 5 years after the adoption of the plan, the global impact upon almost all forms of malnutrition falls far short of that required to meet the goals for the year 2000. If current trends continue, no region except Latin America and the Caribbean will achieve the 1992 International Conference on Nutrition and 1990 World Summit for Children goals to reduce levels of child malnutrition by 2000. A holistic, international approach is needed to prevent malnutrition. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles The nutrition challenge in the twenty-first century: what role for the United Nations? Jul 1997 United Nations. Administrative Committee on Coordination. Sub-Committee on Nutrition United Nations (UN) agencies can play a key role in raising awareness upon the problem of malnutrition and encouraging policy changes which support effective programs. To such ends, the UN Administrative Committee on Coordination's Sub-Committee on Nutrition (ACC/SCN) decided at its recent annual ... ( view more )meeting in Nepal to establish a small, but high-level International Commission on Nutrition. The proposal was prompted by recent evidence of slowdown in rates of nutrition progress, the absolute deterioration of nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa, and marked progress made over the past 5 years against micronutrient deficiencies, especially with regard to iodine and vitamin A. The SCN proposed that the commission review the situation and make recommendations upon goals and objectives for accelerating progress in the field of nutrition over the next decade or 2, especially in protein energy malnutrition. The commission should include 3-4 distinguished international experts, including a senior economist. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Update on the nutrition situation 1966. Summary of results for the Third Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Jul 1997 United Nations. Administrative Committee on Coordination. Sub-Committee on Nutrition Although recent estimates of trends in malnutrition show some improvement worldwide, that improvement has occurred at a far slower rate over the past few years than during the 1980s. The prospect of ending hunger and malnutrition is receding further into the future. Goals from the 1990 World Summ... ( view more )it for Children and the 1992 International Conference on Nutrition of halving the prevalence of malnutrition between 1990 and 2000 are becoming increasingly less likely to be met. Urgent action is needed. Adverse economic conditions in many countries and drought in many parts of Africa and Asia are 2 reasons why the slowdown in progress has occurred. Furthermore, continued progress will be slower now that the beneficial effects of child health interventions have almost attained maximum impact and population coverage. Trends in underweight prevalence describe progress in nutrition and, more generally, in human development. The global prevalence of underweight children was 29% in 1995, with more than half being in South Asia. Trends on underweight children aged 0-60 months are presented by world region for the period 1985-95. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Quality of life and self-rated health in relation to changes in fruit and vegetable intake and in plasma vitamins C and E in a randomised trial of behavioural and nutritional education counselling 2004 Steptoe, A., Perkins-Porras, L., Hilton, S., Rink, E., and Cappuccio, F. P. We have carried out a randomised trial comparing brief behavioural counselling with nutritional education counselling to increase fruit and vegetable consumption and associated biomarkers in adults from a low-income neighbourhood. The objective of the present analysis was to assess the impact of in... ( view more )terventions on quality of life and health status, and associations between changes in fruit and vegetable consumption, plasma vitamins C and E, and quality of life. Behavioural counselling and nutritional education counselling were carried out in 271 adults in two 15 min sessions in a primary-care setting. Physical and mental health status (medical outcome study short form 36) and self-rated health were assessed at baseline, 8 weeks and 12 months, and analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. Both groups reported increased fruit and vegetable consumption; plasma vitamin E and [beta]-carotene also increased, with significantly greater changes in consumption and plasma [beta]-carotene in the behavioural counselling condition. Physical and mental health status, and the proportion of participants in good self-rated health, increased in both groups to a similar extent. Individual differences in improvements in physical health status and self-rated health were correlated with increases in fruit and vegetable intake and in plasma vitamins C and E, independently of age, gender, ethnicity, financial status, smoking, BMI and use of vitamin supplements. We conclude that participation in the present study was associated with improved health-related quality of life. Increases in fruit and vegetable intake and plasma vitamin levels may stimulate beneficial changes in physical health status in socio-economically deprived adults. (C) The Authors 2004 ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Comparison of biochemical indexes for assessing vitamin K nutritional status in a healthy adult population Sokoll, L. J. and Sadowski, J. A. Biochemical indexes for assessing vitamin K nutritional status were evaluated in 263 healthy subjects (127 males, 136 females) aged 18-85 y. The influences of aging (stratified by decade), menopause, and sex were examined. Total, carboxylated, and undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentrations were a... ( view more )ffected by sex and aging with increases in the sixth decade in women attributed to menopause. Aging effects in the women and sex differences were eliminated when undercarboxylated osteocalcin was expressed as a percentage of the total. Plasma phylloquinone and undercarboxylated prothrombin (PIVKA-II) concentrations varied little with aging with the exception of lower concentrations of phylloquinone in women in their third decade compared with other ages and higher concentrations of PIVKA-II in younger males compared with younger females. Urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-creatinine excretion ratios increased significantly with age in both males (r = 0.68, P < 0.001) and females (r = 0.63, P < 0.001) with values 20% higher in the females on average over the entire age span. The undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentration, shown previously to be responsive to depletion and repletion of phylloquinone, was compared with the other indexes to determine its reliability as an indicator of vitamin K nutritional status. This measure appears promising because it correlated with plasma PIVKA-II concentrations (r = 0.27, P < 0.001) and with plasma phylloquinone concentrations (r = -0.35, P < 0.001), whereas the agreement between plasma phylloquinone and PIVKA-II concentrations was not as strong (r = -0.15, P < 0.05). (c) 1996 American Society for Clinical Nutrition ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Influence of nutritional status on pharmacokinetics of contraceptive progestogens. May 1984 In response to recent studies from India suggesting that malnutrition, as assessed by anthropometric indexes, affects metabolism of oral progestogens, this study administered a mini-pill containing .35 mg of norethindrone (NET) and combination pills containing 250 or 150 mcg of d-norgestrel (d-NG) ... ( view more )and either 50 or 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol as a single dose for fasting women of high and low income. Blood samples were collected for up to 24 hours for NET and 80 hours for the combination pills. Pharmacokinetics were evaluated by a least-squares method. Anthropometric measurements were also made. Peak NET levels occurred within 1-2 hours; half-life of plasma NET was shorter among low income, malnourished women compared with high income, well-nourished women. A direct correlation between weight/height and half-life of the drug suggests that malnutrition enhanation rate and reduces NET's half-life. Peak levels for d-NG also were reached between 1 and 2 hours after dosing. In well-nourished women, the decline in plasma d-NG was tri-exponential; malnourished women showed a biphasic curve with a neglible alpha-phase. Therefore, the lower the nutrition status, the faster the plasma clearance of these 2 orally administered compounds. Studies inn rabbits designed to elucidate this connection showed a significant elevation in specific activities of liver microsomal glucuronyl transferase and cytochrome-p450 in undernourished compared with control animals. There was also an increase in the amount (but not affinity) of uterine progesterone receptors in undernourished animals. Another study of a small group of Thai and Indian women showed positive correlation between anthropometric indexes and post peak plasma NET levels; however, an obesity study of Thai women found no such correlation. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles An evaluation in rats of nutritional status and reproduction performance post oral contraceptive therapy. 1976 L Aftergood,R B Alfin-Slater Adult female rats were orally administered either 0.052, 0.26 mg of Enovoid E (OC) or the vehicle, propylene glycol. Thereafter they were mated six, thirteen or twenty-seven days after the discontinuation of the drug. Chemical analyses i.e. cholesterol levels in plasma, liver and adrenals; tocopher... ( view more )ol levels in plasma and liver; fatty acid patterns of cholesteryl esters of plasma liver, and adrenals, and plasma lipoproteins distribution, were performed on the pre-breeding (post-OC) females, mothers (following weaning of the young) and young female progeny, 10 weeks after weaning. Weanlings derived from mothers previously exposed to OC weighed more than their counterparts from mothers who had not been given the drug. A slight decrease of the survival time of the young during lactation was also observed in groups treated with higher levels of OC. Liver weights were increased in mothers as a result of pregnancy and lactation. Observed elevations of plasma cholesterol levels and cholesteryl arachidonate in the livers of the progeny were probably due to prolonged exposure to the 15% corn oil diet. In addition, previously reported metabolic effects of OC, such as increases in liver cholesteryl oleate, decreases in plasma and adrenal cholesteryl arachidonate, decreases in the alpha/beta lipoprotein ratio and alpha-tocopherol levels in plasma were confirmed. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Study of the effect of a liquid nutrition supplement on the nutritional status of psycho-geriatric nursing home patients 2002 Wouters-Wesseling, W., Wouters, A. E. J., Kleijer, C. N., Bindels, J. G., De Groot, C. P. G. M., and van Staveren, W. A. Objectives: To evaluate the acceptance of a multinutrient liquid nutrition supplement in psycho-geriatric nursing home patients and the effect on weight, plasma nutrients and activities of daily life. Design: Double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week intervention study. Setting: Two nursing homes in... ( view more ) Boxtel, The Netherlands. Subjects: Forty-two (body mass index (BMI) <23 kg/m2 for men or <25 kg/m2 for women) psycho-geriatric nursing home patients aged 60 y or over. Interventions: Provision with a complete micronutrient-enriched liquid nutrition supplement of 125 ml and 0.6 MJ (135 kcal) or placebo twice daily during daytime between main meals. Study parameters were assessed at 0, 6 and 12 weeks. Main Outcome for Measures: Weight, Barthel index of daily activities, several plasma values (albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine, thiamine, thiamine diphosphate (TDF), vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin D), bowel function. Results: The supplement was well accepted. Thirty-five patients completed the intervention period (16 control group; 19 supplement group). Baseline daily nutrient intake was low. A statistically significant improvement was observed for body weight (difference between groups 2.2 kg, P = 0.03), and homocysteine, vitamin B1, TDF, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate and vitamin D in the supplement group compared to the placebo group. No significant difference was observed in the Barthel index (mean difference - 0.3+/-1.1 for both groups). No difference in occurrence of diarrhoea was observed. Conclusions: The study shows that nutritional supplementation is well accepted and can improve the nutritional status of psycho-geriatric nursing home patients ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Quality of life and self-rated health in relation to changes in fruit and vegetable intake and in plasma vitamins C and E in a randomised trial of behavioural and nutritional education counselling 2004 Steptoe, A., Perkins, Porras L., Hilton, S., Rink, E., and Cappuccio, F. P. We have carried out a randomised trial comparing brief behavioural counselling with nutritional education counselling to increase fruit and vegetable consumption and associated biomarkers in adults from a low-income neighbourhood. The objective of the present analysis was to assess the impact of in... ( view more )terventions on quality of life and health status, and associations between changes in fruit and vegetable consumption, plasma vitamins C and E, and quality of life. Behavioural counselling and nutritional education counselling were carried out in 271 adults in two 15 min sessions in a primary-care setting. Physical and mental health status (medical outcome study short form 36) and self-rated health were assessed at baseline, 8 weeks and 12 months, and analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. Both groups reported increased fruit and vegetable consumption; plasma vitamin E and beta-carotene also increased, with significantly greater changes in consumption and plasma beta-carotene in the behavioural counselling condition. Physical and mental health status, and the proportion of participants in good self-rated health, increased in both groups to a similar extent. Individual differences in improvements in physical health status and self-rated health were correlated with increases in fruit and vegetable intake and in plasma vitamins C and E, independently of age, gender, ethnicity, financial status, smoking, BMI and use of vitamin supplements. We conclude that participation in the present study was associated with improved health-related quality of life. Increases in fruit and vegetable intake and plasma vitamin levels may stimulate beneficial changes in physical health status in socio-economically deprived adults ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles The effect of improved nutrition on plasma prolactin concentrations and postpartum infertility in lactating Gambian women. Feb 1984 P G Lunn,S Austin,A M Prentice,R G Whitehead A substantial increase in food consumption of lactating Gambian women has been shown to be associated with a reduction in their plasma prolactin concentration. Women receiving food supplements during pregnancy as well as in lactation exhibited an even greater lowering of the postpartum plasma level... ( view more )s of this hormone. Consequently prolactin values of supplemented women returned more quickly to levels which allowed the resumption of menstrual and ovulatory activity. Concurrent measurements of the plasma concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in addition to prolactin allowed the calculation of prolactin values at which half the lactating women could be expected to have resumed menstruation and ovulation. These values were 1007 and 759 microU/ml, respectively. Dietary improvement during lactation alone resulted in these critical prolactin concentrations being reached 21 wk earlier than in nonsupplemented counterparts, while those receiving the extra food in both pregnancy and lactation showed a 35-wk shortening of postpartum amenorrhea and infertility. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Nutritional status in elderly female hip fracture patients: Comparison with an age-matched home living group attending day centres 2001 Lumbers, M., New, S. A., Gibson, S., and Murphy, M. C. Fractured neck of femur occurs mostly in the older female population and is generally caused by falls. Malnutrition has been postulated as a factor that increases the tendency to suffer falls. Nutritional status of older female hospital patients admitted for emergency surgery for fractured neck of ... ( view more )femur recruited (n 75), was compared with an age-matched independent-living group of females attending one of three local day centres (n 50). Dietary assessment was undertaken using three consecutive 24 h dietary recalls and, in the hip fracture group, completed menu cards were used as memory prompts. Data concerning key lifestyle characteristics were obtained using a face-to-face administered questionnaire. Blood samples were taken to determine levels of plasma albumin, transferrin, C-reactive protein (CRP), cholesterol, vitamin C, Se, Zn and total antioxidant status. Haemolysate samples were analysed for Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity. There were no significant differences in age between the two groups, but the hip fracture patients had lower mean values for body weight (59.6 v. 67.5 kg; P = 0.005), mindex (weight/demispan) (83.1 v. 94.4 kg/m; P < 0.0001), calculated BMI (24.1 v. 27.5 kg/m2 P < 0.0001), mid-upper arm circumference; 27.1 v. 31.3 cm, P = 0.001) and triceps skinfold thickness; 17.0 v. 18.9 mm, P = 0.005) than the home-living group. The hip fracture patients had lower intakes of energy (4.3 v. 5.4 MJ, P = 0.001), fat (P = 0.025), carbohydrate (P = 0.002), protein (P = 0.006), thiamine (P = 0.017), vitamin B6 (P = 0.001), calcium (P = 0.01), K (P = 0.001), Mg (P = 0.001), P(P = 0.001), Fe (P = 0.007), Se (P = 0.008) and NSP (P = 0.001). Mean intakes of both groups were below the estimated average requirement for energy and below the reference nutrient intakes for folate, Ca, vitamin D, Mg, K, Se and Zn. In a high percentage of the hip fracture group the dietary intake of particular nutrients fell below the lower reference nutrient intake for Se (73 %), Mg (54 %) and the Fe (19 %). As expected, the fracture patients had reduced plasma albumin (P < 0.0001) and increased CRP (P < 0.001) values. They had higher plasma vitamin C levels (P < 0.001) and lower cholesterol levels (P = 0.04) than the day centre attendees. There were no significant differences in plasma levels of Se, Zn, transferrin or haemolysate glutathione peroxidase activity between the two groups. However, there was evidence of under-nutrition in both groups as key anthropometric values were low, plasma nutrient and metabolite levels were below the standard reference ranges and many individuals had low dietary intakes for specified nutrients ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Nutritional and haematological status of Chinese farmers: the influence of 13.5 months treatment with riboflavin, retinol and zinc 1988 Thurnham, D. I., Munoz, N., Lu, J. B., Wahrendorf, J., Zheng, S. F., Hambidge, K. M., and Crespi, M. A retinol (15 mg), riboflavin (200 mg) and zinc (50 mg) supplement or a placebo (D-mannitol) was given to 610 Chinese farmers weekly for 13.5 months. Riboflavin, retinol, beta-carotene, tocopherol and zinc status were measured in all subjects at the start and end of the intervention and in a subsam... ( view more )ple at 2 months. Plasma vitamin C, haemoglobin and haematocrits were measured on other subsamples at the end of the supplementation period. At the start vitamin A, zinc and riboflavin status were poor. Plasma retinol and zinc concentrations were higher in men than women but the opposite was observed with respect to beta-carotene. There was no difference between the sexes for tocopherol and riboflavin. Tocopherol:cholesterol ratios suggested vitamin E status was good and vitamin C status also appeared adequate. The supplement increased plasma retinol throughout the whole period but riboflavin status improved only over the first 2 months and then remained constant. Plasma zinc increased in both treatment and placebo groups by approximately 15 to 20 per cent in men and women. Mean concentrations of retinol and tocopherol and beta-carotene (in women only) increased by approximately 20 per cent in the placebo group. It is argued that seasonal factors and/or the placebo may have been responsible for the increase in retinol and beta-carotene in the placebo group. The lack of an increase in beta-carotene in the men may have been due to their higher retinol requirements. Lastly, the increase in retinol may have been responsible for the increase in tocopherol and zinc in plasma since these nutrients increased in those whose plasma retinol increased, irrespective of treatment ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles - Carbohydrate intake and biomarkers of glycemic control among US adults: the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 6-4-2003 Yang, E. J., Kerver, J. M., Park, Y. K., Kayitsinga, J., Allison, D. B., and Song, W. O. - BACKGROUND: Recommendations for preventing and treating type 2 diabetes include consuming carbohydrates, predominantly from whole grains, fruit, vegetables, and low-fat milk. However, the quantity and type of carbohydrates consumed may contribute to disorders of glycemic control. OBJECTIVE: We ev... ( view more )aluated the association between carbohydrate intakes and biomarkers of glycemic control in a nationally representative sample of healthy US adults who participated in a cross-sectional study, the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. DESIGN: The sample (5730 men and 6125 women aged > or = 20 y) was divided into quintiles of carbohydrate intake (as a percentage of energy). Carbohydrate intakes were examined in relation to glycated hemoglobin (Hb A(1c)), plasma glucose, serum C-peptide, and serum insulin concentrations by using logistic regression. RESULTS: Carbohydrate intakes were not associated with Hb A(1c), plasma glucose, or serum insulin concentrations in men or women after adjustment for confounding variables. Carbohydrate intakes were inversely associated with serum C-peptide concentrations in men and women. Odds ratios for elevated serum C-peptide concentrations for increasing quintiles of carbohydrate intake were 1.00, 0.88, 0.57, 0.39, and 0.75 (P for trend = 0.016) in men, and 1.00, 0.69, 0.57, 0.36, and 0.41 (P for trend = 0.007) in women. When carbohydrate intakes were further adjusted for intakes of total and added sugar, the association of serum C-peptide with carbohydrate intakes was strengthened in men. CONCLUSIONS: Carbohydrate intakes were not associated with Hb A(1c), plasma glucose, or serum insulin concentrations but were inversely associated with the risk of elevated serum C-peptide; this supports current recommendations regarding carbohydrate intake in healthy adults ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Effect of an increased intake of a-linolenic acid and group nutritional education on cardiovascular risk factors: The Mediterranean Alpha-linolenic Enriched Groningen Dietary Intervention (MARGARIN) study 2002 Bemelmans, W. J. E., Broer, J., Feskens, E. J. M., Smit, A. J., Muskiet, F. A. J., Lefrandt, J. D., Bom, V. J. J., May, J. F., and Meyboom-De Jong, B. Background: The effect of long-term increased intakes of [alpha]-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) on cardiovascular risk factors is unknown. Objectives: Our objectives were to assess the effect of increased ALA intakes on cardiovascular risk factors and the estimated risk of ischemic heart disease (IH... ( view more )D) at 2 y and the effect of nutritional education on dietary habits. Design: Subjects with multiple cardiovascular risk factors (124 men and 158 women) were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to consume a margarine rich in either ALA [46% linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and 15% ALA; n = 114] or LA (58% LA and 0.3% ALA; n = 168). An intervention group (n = 110; 50% ALA) obtained group nutritional education, and a control group (n = 172; 34% ALA) received a posted leaflet containing the standard Dutch dietary guidelines. Results: Average ALA intakes were 6.3 and 1.0 g/d in the ALA and LA groups, respectively. After 2 y, the ALA group had a higher ratio of total to HDL cholesterol (+0.34; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.56), lower HDL cholesterol (-0.05 mmol/L; -0.10, 0), higher serum triacylglycerol (+0.24 mmol/L; 0.02, 0.46), and lower plasma fibrinogen (-0.18 g/L; -0.31, -0.04; after 1 y) than did the LA group (adjusted for baseline values, sex, and lipid-lowering drugs). No significant difference existed in 10-y estimated IHD risk. After 2 y, the intervention group had lower saturated fat intakes and higher fish intakes than did the control group. Conclusions: Increased ALA intakes decrease the estimated IHD risk to an extent similar to that found with increased LA intakes. Group nutritional education can effectively increase fish intake ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Panic attack as a marker of core psychopathological processes 2001 Goodwin, R. D. and Hamilton, S. P. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to test the hypothesis that panic attacks are a marker of core psychopathological processes across mental disorders and that there are distinct syndromal patterns of psychopathology associated with specific subtypes of panic attack that can be distinguished by a... ( view more )ge and associated fear at onset. METHODS: Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey, a community-based household sample (n = 8,098) representative of the United States adult population. Four panic subtypes were identified based on findings from clinical studies and on our hypothesis. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify sociodemographic characteristics, panic symptoms and mental disorder correlates of each subtype. RESULTS: Results of multivariate logistic regression analyses identified distinct sociodemographic characteristics, panic symptoms, psychiatric comorbidity, suicidal behavior and use of services associated with early-onset and late-onset panic with and without fear/anticipatory anxiety at the first attack. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide support for the hypothesis that panic attacks are a marker of core underlying psychopathological processes and introduce new, preliminary evidence to support the possible existence of different panic subtypes in the general population. While these results need replication, these findings suggest that the specific type of comorbidity among those with panic attacks can be predicted to a large degree by the age and associated fear/anticipatory anxiety at the onset of the panic attacks. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Nutritional status of expectant mothers belonging to two different income levels. Mar 1976 R Vijayalakshmi,S R Devaki In Coimbatore, India the nutritional status of 50 low income and 50 middle income women in the 4th or 5th month of pregnancy was assessed. Findings were: 1) the quality of the diet was better among the middle income women than among the low income women; and 2) the diet affected the weight and len... ( view more )gth of the infants subsequently bone to these women. The study population consisted of prenatal patients registered at 3 municipal and 2 private hospitals. The mean nutritional intake of the low income mothers was markedly below minimum nutritional requirements. There was a 33% deficit in caloric intake, a 25% deficit in protein, a 60% deficit in calcium, a 30% deficit in iron, a 57% deficit in retinol, a 63% deficit in riboflavin, and a 40% in ascorbic acid. The mean nutritional intake for middle income mothers was somewhat better. Protein and ascorbic acid intake among these women was adequate; however, their diets were 18% deficient in calories, 13% deficient in calcium, 43% deficient in iron, 54% deficient in retinol, and 37% deficient in riboflavin. Plasma protein, albumin, and globuin levels were higher, but not significantly higher, for middle income women than for low income women. Mean weight gain during pregnancy was 6.23 kg for low income women and 6.76 kg for middle income women. After delivery, anthropometric measurements of the infants were taken. Middle income babies had a significantly higher birth weight and were significantly longer than low income babies. Infant mortality among children born to low income mothers prior to the study was higher than among children previously born to middle income women. Efforts should be made 1) to improve the income level of the economically poor and then 2) to teach these individuals to use the additional income to improve their nutritional status. Study results are presented in tabular form. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Effect of a nutritional intervention promoting the Mediterranean food pattern on electrophoretic characteristics of low-density lipoprotein particles in healthy women from the Quebec City metropolitan area 2004 Goulet, J., Lamarche, B., Charest, A., Nadeau, G., Lapointe, A., Desroches, S., and Lemieux, S. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a nutritional intervention promoting the Mediterranean food pattern in free-living conditions on LDL electrophoretic characteristics in a group of seventy-one healthy women, aged between 30 and 65 years. The 12-week nutritional interv... ( view more )ention consisted of two courses on nutrition and seven individual sessions with a dietitian. The first course provided information on the Mediterranean food pattern and the second was a cooking lesson. LDL peak particle diameter (LDL-PPD) and cholesterol levels in small (LDL-cholesterol<255 A[spacing ring above]) and large LDL fractions (LDL-cholesterol>260 A[spacing ring above]) were obtained by 2-16 % polyacrylamide gel electrophgresis of whole plasma. The sample was divided on the basis of baseline LDL-PPD using tertiles of the distribution (258.4 A[spacing ring above] and 260.0 A[spacing ring above]). Among the total sample of women, no significant change in LDL-PPD was observed in response to the nutritional intervention. However, subjects who at baseline were in the first tertile of the LDL-PPD distribution (<258.4 A[spacing ring above]) showed a significant increase in LDL-PPD and in the proportion of LDL %>260 A[spacing ring above] in response to the 12-week nutritional intervention (P<0.05). In contrast, LDL-PPD decreased significantly (P=0.007) among women with large LDL particles at baseline (LDL-PPD >260 A[spacing ring above]) while the proportion of LDL %<255 A[spacing ring above] and of LDL %>260 A[spacing ring above] remained unchanged. To conclude, changes in the food pattern, in response to a nutritional intervention promoting the Mediterranean food pattern, were accompanied by beneficial modifications in LDL electrophoretic characteristics in women who were characterised at baseline by smaller LDL particles. (C) The Authors 2004 ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Evaluation of nutritional assessment techniques in elderly people newly admitted to municipal care 2002 Christensson, L., Unosson, M., and Ek, A.-C. Objectives: To evaluate the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) with regard to validity using a combination of anthropometric and serum-protein measurements as standard criteria to assess protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Design: Cross-sectional study with ... ( view more )consecutive selection of residents aged >= 65 y. Setting: A municipality in the south of Sweden. Subjects: During a year, starting in October 1996, 148 females and 113 males, aged >= 65-104y of age, newly admitted to special types of housing for the elderly, were included in the study. Results: According to SGA, 53% were assessed as malnourished or moderately malnourished on admission. The corresponding figure from MNA was 79% malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. Both tools indicated that anthropometric values and serum proteins were significantly lower in residents classified as being malnourished (P < 0.05). Sensitivity in detecting PEM was in SGA 0.93 and in MNA 0.96 and specificity was 0.61 and 0.26, respectively. Using regression analysis, weight index and serum albumin were the best objective nutritional parameters in predicting the SGA- and MNA classifications. Item 'muscle wasting' in SGA and 'self-experienced health status' in MNA showed most predictive power concerning the odds of being assessed as malnourished. Conclusions: SGA was shown to be the more useful tool in detecting residents with established malnutrition and MNA in detecting residents who need preventive nutritional measures ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Nutritional Characteristics of People with Impaired Mental Capacity from a Nationally Representative Survey of British People Aged 65 Years and Over. [References] Bates, C. J., Prentice, A., and Finch, S. Background: Mentally impaired older people are frequently excluded from population surveys for practical reasons; thus their nutritional characteristics are poorly delineated. Objective: To describe the nutritional characteristics of those who, through mental impairment, were considered to require ... ( view more )proxy consent and/or proxy information-givers, within a National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) of people aged 65 years and over, in the UK. Design and Methods: 2043 participants in the NDNS in mainland Britain during 1994-95 were studied. Proxy consent and/or proxy information was provided by the next-of-kin or a carer for 3% of people living in the community and for 35% of people in institutions. A four-day weighed diet estimate and a single blood sample for nutritional status and clinical chemistry indices were obtained. Results: Inclusion of people requiring proxy consent and/or information was acceptable to NHS local research ethics committees. These participants differed in certain food choices, nutrient intakes and biochemical status indices, from those not requiring a proxy. They ate more sugary and milky foods. They had lower blood concentations of haemoglobin, retinol, cholesterol; and higher plasma levels of urea and creatinine. Conclusions: Older people who require proxy consent or information-givers can be studied in population surveys. They are nutritionally vulnerable and may need special assistance to ensure acceptable nutritional intake and status. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract) ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles The effects of ascorbic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folic acid supplementation on the breast milk and maternal nutritional status of low socioeconomic lactating women. Jul 1981 S M Sneed,C Zane,M R Thomas In this double-blind study, the effects of ascorbic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate supplementation on the maternal nutritional status and vitamin content of breast milk in 16 low socioeconomic lactating women were studied. Nine subjects were administered a commercial multivitamin-multimi... ( view more )neral supplement and seven were given placebos. Milk samples were collected four times per day at 4-h intervals from 5 to 7 and 43 to 45 days postpartum. Fasting blood samples were taken from all mothers at the end of each milk collection period. Dietary records of all foods consumed were kept from 4 to 7 and 42 to 45 days postpartum. There were no significant differences in milk or plasma levels of ascorbic acid between the unsupplemented and supplemented groups. Both the EGPT index and milk concentration of vitamin B6 were significantly different (p less than 0.01) between the unsupplemented and supplemented groups. The milk concentrations of vitamin B12 increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in the supplemented group, as did the milk concentrations of folate (p less than 0.01). Because of consistently low levels of dietary vitamin B6 and folic acid in this group of low socioeconomic lactating women, either dietary changes or supplements could be necessary to maintain recommended levels of these vitamins in the womens' breast milk. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Vitamin nutritional status of women using oral contraceptive pills. Mar 1980 N K Murthy,S Vijaya A comparative study was conducted to assess the biochemical effects of a low-estrogen combined OC (oral contraceptive). The focus of the study was on possible biochemical effects indicative of altered nutritional status. Both low and high income women on pills were compared with others not on pil... ( view more )ls. The groups were further divided according to the duration of OC usage. Blood hemoglobin, serum Vitamin A, plasma ascorbic acid, folic acid, riboflavin, and aspartate transaminase levels were measured. Higher income women had better measures on all the indices than the low income women, indicating a better initial nutritional status. Deficiencies increased with duration of use. Results of the study show that OCs reduce the vitamin nutritional level in women. For poor women on OCs, special nutrition intervention programs should be instituted. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Nutritional status of elderly female nursing home residents; the effect of supplementation with a physiological dose of water-soluble vitamins 1995 van der Wielen, R. P., van Heereveld, H. A., de Groot, C. P., van Staveren, W. A., van der Wielen, R. P., van Heereveld, H. A., de Groot, C. P., and van Staveren, W. A. OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional status of female elderly nursing home residents and to study the effect of dietary supplementation with a physiological dose of water-soluble vitamins. DESIGN: Single-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled intervention trial. Daily consumed supplement consisted o... ( view more )f fortified fruit juice containing 50 g carbohydrate and 50% of the daily dietary recommendations of water-soluble vitamins. Regular fruit juice was used as placebo. Dietary intake assessment at baseline. Fasting blood sample, anthropometric measurements and medical record at baseline and after 4 and 12 weeks of supplementation. SETTING: Three nursing homes within 40 km of the coordination centre (Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, the Netherlands). SUBJECTS: Forty-two female nursing home residents aged 60 years and older, in relatively stable health condition, at least 3 months resident at baseline. In each nursing home, 14 subjects were randomly assigned to the supplement or control group. INTERVENTIONS: Twelve weeks of supplementation. RESULTS: Participants had a poor nutritional status. Dietary supplementation significantly improved the concentrations of thiamin pyrophosphate and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, increased body weight and decreased serum homocysteine concentration in the supplement group. Plasma vitamin C levels were significantly increased in both supplement and control group. CONCLUSIONS: Even in this heterogeneous population of female nursing home elderly it is possible to improve the nutritional status through dietary intervention with a physiological dose of water-soluble vitamins ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Nutritional efficacy of a fortified weaning rusk in a rural area near Beijing. Apr 1993 D S Liu,C J Bates,T A Yin,X B Wang,C Q Lu A micronutrient-fortified rusk for weanling children was tested in a rural area near Beijing. Two hundred twenty-six children aged 6-13 mo were randomly assigned by village to either a micronutrient-fortified or an unfortified rusk, daily for 3 mo. The fortified rusk contained extra zinc; iron; cal... ( view more )cium; vitamins A, D, and B-12; thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid. Infants receiving the fortified rusk exhibited no decline in hemoglobin concentrations during the study whereas those receiving the unfortified rusk exhibited a significant decline. Improvements were also seen in erythrocyte porphyrin, plasma vitamin A, and riboflavin status, but these improvements were seen in both of the groups. Micronutrient fortification was probably beneficial for iron status and the fortified rusk promises to be an effective vehicle for supplementation. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Metabolic and nutritional effects of long-term use of guar gum in the treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetes of poor metabolic control 1989 Uusitupa, M., Siitonen, O., Savolainen, K., Silvasti, M., Penttilä, I., and Parviainen, M. Thirty-nine patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes on oral drug treatment were randomly allocated to either guar gum or placebo treatments for 3 mo. After 3 mo the placebo group was switched to guar gum treatment and both groups were followed for 10 mo (open trial). No significant difference o... ( view more )ccurred in the fasting blood glucose or glycosylated hemoglobin A1 levels between the two groups at 3 mo. Serum total cholesterol level decreased in the guar gum group from 6.55 +/- 1.45 to 5.69 +/- 1.2 mmol/L (p less than 0.001) but no changes were observed in the placebo group (6.55 +/- 1.2 vs 6.26 +/- 1.4 mmol/L, NS) during 3 mo. At the end of the open trial (n = 33), serum cholesterol was still approximately 7% lower than before guar gum treatment. No consistent changes occurred in serum HDL-cholesterol or triglycerides. Serum vitamin A level was slightly lowered and plasma zinc level elevated during the open trial. Serum vitamin E level was decreased only in the group switched to guar gum at 3 mo ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Early versus delayed enteral nutrition support for burn injuries 2006 Wasiak, J., Cleland, H., and Jeffery, R. BACKGROUND: A burn injury increases the body's metabolic demands, and therefore nutritional requirements. Provision of an adequate supply of nutrients is believed to lower the incidence of metabolic abnormalities, thus reducing septic morbidity, improving survival rates, and decreasing hospital len... ( view more )gth of stay. Enteral nutrition support is the best feeding method for patients who are unable to achieve an adequate oral intake to maintain gastrointestinal functioning, however, its timing (i.e. early versus late) needs to be established. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of early versus late enteral nutrition support in adults with burn injury. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, issue 1, 2006), the Cochrane Injuries Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1966 to May week 1, 2006), EMBASE (1980 to week 17, 2005) and CINAHL (1982 to May week 1, 2006). SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised controlled trials comparing early enteral nutrition support (within 24 hours of injury) versus delayed enteral support (greater than 24 hours). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors used standardised forms to independently extract the data. Each trial was assessed for internal validity with differences resolved by discussion. MAIN RESULTS: A total of three randomised controlled trials were eligible for inclusion in this review. Results of the studies indicate that evidence about the benefit of early enteral nutritional support on standardised clinical outcomes such as length of hospital stay and mortality, remains inconclusive. Similarly, the question of whether early enteral feeding influenced or decreased metabolic rate as documented in part by our included studies, remains uncertain. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review has not found sufficient evidence to support or refute the effectiveness of early versus late enteral nutrition support in adults with burn injury. The trials showed some promising results that would suggest early enteral nutrition support may blunt the hypermetabolic response to thermal injury, but this is insufficient to provide clear guidelines for practice. Further research incorporating larger sample sizes and rigorous methodology that utilises valid and reliable outcome measures, is essential. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Do burns patients who receive early (within 24 hours) nutritional support have better outcomes than those whose nutritional support is delayed (after 24 hours)?Adult patients with large burns have increased nutrition and energy requirements. If such requirements are not met, it is associated with worse health outcomes including increased infection rates and poorer healing. Patients are often not able to meet the increased requirements through oral feeding alone, thus enteral feeding is often used. Enteral nutrition is provided by inserting a feeding tube via the nose or mouth, into the stomach or small intestine. The feeding tube delivers a liquid formula (enteral nutrition) containing the required nutrients. Enteral feeding is continued until sufficient oral intake is established to meet the patient's need.Enteral nutrition is essential for the successful management of the burns patient, however there is debate regarding the optimal method and timing of feeding. It is unclear whether providing enteral nutrition from an early stage after injury is preferable to delaying such support. The authors of this review attempted to resolve this uncertainty by examining all high quality trials comparing the effectiveness of initiating enteral nutrition in the early stages after injury (within 24 hours), with delayed (after 24 hours) enteral nutrition, in burns patients over the age of 16 years.The authors found three studies involving 70 adult burn patients. The results of the studies provide no conclusive evidence for the benefit of early enteral nutritional support compared to delayed support, on outcomes such as length of hospital stay and mortality.The trials involved a small number of participants and were limited by methodological weaknesses. There is a need for larger, high quality research into the use of early versus delayed feeding in burn patients.Overall, the authors conclude that there is currently little evidence to support the use of early nutritional support, but more trials are needed ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Page 1 of 1000 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (25000 articles found)

      
 ESRNexus is provided as a service by TrialStat Corporation. ESRNexus is a registered trademark of TrialStat Corporation. Copyright 2008. View a list of all articles here