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GST Primary GST Primary Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Im... Best Strategies for Health Care Quality Improvement - Diabetes Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibio... Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-b... Systematic review assessing the effect of ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Antibiotics Management Kathryn McDonald, Stanford-UCSF Evidence-based Practice Center, 117 Encina Commons, Stanford, CA 94305-6019, Kathy.mcdonald@stanford.edu Systematic review assessing the effect of quality improvement strategies on appropriate prescribing of antibiotics and appropriate choice of antibiotics. Adherence Adherence Assistive Devices Assistive Devices Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan Childhood Burn Hanson MacMillan CLSA_9 CLSA_9 Cyberabuse Cyberabuse Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent ... This review included randomized trials abo... Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Violent Men who Batter Their Partners This review included randomized trials about the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on domestic violence. The intervention included programs based on the Duluth Model. The violence had to be committed by a male toward his female partner. The violence also had to be physical. The primary outcomes were new arrests and convictions, and new reports of violence. CABG vs PCI CABG vs PCI Quality Improvement Strategies for Prevent... Quality Improvement Strategies for Preventing Nosocomial Infections (Created 17-Feb-06) Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma ... Quality Improvement Strategies for Asthma Control Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Erectile Dysfunction (Created 30-Jan-06) Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce S... This review was the first part of a projec... Inequality - Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the first part of a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of smoking cessation interventions on reducing socio-economic differences. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio... This review was the second part in a proje... Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences This review was the second part in a project about inequality. It included randomized trials about the effect of interventions on reducing socio-economic differences in diet and physical activity. The studies had to report data either on persons with low socio-economic groups status or, preferably, on both low and high socio-economic groups. Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the d... Workfare The data in SRS are not identical to the data in the published report. We used SRS only for an updated search. The review included randomized trials about the effect of welfare-to-work programs. Participants were welfare recipients. There were basically two types of programs. The educational type tried to build knowledge and skills in order to help the welfare recipients acquire jobs that could support them economically. The "work first" approach was more aimed at getting the participants quickly into a job. Exercise interventions for the management ... The objective of this systematic review wa... Exercise interventions for the management of frailty The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of current exercise interventions on the management of frailty. A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Psycinfo, Cinahl, Scopus, Ageline, Eric, and SportDiscus databases was conducted and produced 1808 citations. So far we have completed 2 levels of “title and abstract” screening and we ended up with 262 articles. We have just started the full text screening. Eligibility criteria included original studies whose participants were identified as frail or prefrail with specific criteria and in which structured physical activity was included as at least one component of the intervention. Create a free account, build a dictionary with saved terms to re-use later! Public Domestic Violence - Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy Smoking Cessation to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Diet and Physical Activity to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences Workfare Exercise Interventions for the Management of Frailty Search     Simple Advanced Refine (8 coded questions)  Any of these:   Exact Phrase: All of these: None of these: Author: Periodical: Projects: No restrictions   Libraries: Public   Select SRS Projects Show Saved Terms Select Library Show articles that do not have abstracts  Ages All Infant: birth-23 months All Child: 0-18 years All Adult: 19+ years Newborn: birth-1 month Infant: 1-23 months Preschool Child: 2-5 years Child: 6-12 years Adolescent: 13-18 years Adult: 19-44 years Middle Aged: 45-64 years Middle Aged + Aged: 45+ years Aged: 65+ years 80 and over: 80+ years Undetermined Type of Article Clinical Trial Editorial Letter Meta-Analysis Practice Guideline Randomized Controlled Trial Review Addresses Bibliography Biography Case Reports Classical Article Clinical Conference Clinical Trial, Phase I Clinical Trial, Phase II Clinical Trial, Phase III Clinical Trial, Phase IV Comment Comparative Study Consensus Development Conference Consensus Development Conference, NIH Controlled Clinical Trial Corrected and Republished Article Dictionary Directory Duplicate Publication English Abstract Evaluation Studies Festschrift Government Publications Guideline Historical Article Interview In Vitro Journal Article Lectures Legal Cases Legislation Multicenter Study News Newspaper Article Overall Patient Education Handout Periodical Index Published Erratum Retracted Publication Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 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Retraction of Publication Scientific Integrity Review Support of Research Technical Report Twin Study Validation Studies Not a Primary Study or Review Unknown Primary Study Case Series Case Control Cohort Study Observational Study Qualitative Research CBA or ITS Registry Double Blind Controlled before after study Quasi-randomized trial Simple before after study Cluster-RCT Non-Randomized Study Report Book Book chapter Dissertation Conference procedings Secondary Research Not RCT Language English French German Italian Japanese Russian Spanish Afrikaans Albanian Unknown Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Chinese Croatian Czech Danish Dutch Esperanto Estonian Finnish Georgian Greek, Modern Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Kinyarwanda Korean Latin Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Malay Malayalam Maori Multiple Languages Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Pushto Romanian Sanskrit Scottish gaelic Serbian Slovak Slovenian Swedish Thai Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese Not English Not French Humans or Animals Humans Animals Intervention Patient education Communication and counselling Patient involvement through self-monitoring Reminders Reinforcement or rewards Other (e.g. combined education and reminders) Unknown Educational Materials Group threrapy Couples threrapy Individual threrapy Healthy eating Increased physical activity Not Diet or Exercise Welfare-to-work program Country Canada USA Can't Tell Undetermined Not USA Europe UK South America Asia Africa Number of enrolling centers? questype Number of Primary Endpoints Reported questype Results(1-25 of 25,000) Sort By: Publication Date Relevance Took: 1.599 seconds to search 17,750,454  Action: Copy Results to new Clipboard Build Search Link Page 1 of 1000 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (25000 articles found) Decision making with the "adaptive toolbox": influence of environmental structure, intelligence, and working memory load 2003 Broder, A. In 2 experiments with a total of 220 participants, the tendency to use simple heuristics such as the take the best heuristic in an adaptive manner was investigated. In a simulated stock market paradigm, the payoff structure of environments was varied, favoring either compensatory or noncompensatory... ( view more ) decision strategies in terms of expected long-term payoff. In both experiments, the majority of participants were classified as using strategies that were adequate for the environment, supporting the notion of adaptive strategy selection. These strategy shifts were moderated by intelligence, as measured with common tests. Neither an additional learning phase (Experiment 1) nor working memory load or working memory capacity (Experiment 2) had additional effects on strategy selection ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles The Modification of Intelligence through Early Experience 1981 Ramey, Craig T. and Haskins, Ron Experience with earlier preschool intervention programs such as Head Start has suggested that some children from low income families need earlier intervention to have an opportunity for lasting intellectual development. Infants judged at risk for subnormal intellectual growth were randomly assigned... ( view more ) to an experimental (N = 27) or control (N = 25) group. Although both sets of children received dietary supplements, medical care, & social services, the experimental children were assigned to an educational daycare program before the third month of life. This group maintained normal intellectual growth between 6 & 36 months, whereas the control group showed an intellectual decline that began between 12 & 36 months & remained lower than the other group at ages 2 & 3. In Comments on "The Modification of Intelligence through Early Experience" by Ramey and Haskins, J. McVicker Hunt (U of Illinois, Urbana) agrees with the conclusions of Ramey & Haskins in general, but points to the need to specify the areas of cognitive development involved in intellectual process or decline. Children in the control group who showed intellectual decline between 12 & 18 months did so on a vocal language index, revealing a probable lack of adequate vocal models. Also described are the experimental limitations of a heritability theory discussed by M. McAskie & A. M. Clarke ("Parent-Offspring Resemblances in Intelligence: Theories and Evidence," British Journal of Psychology, , 67, 243-273). In Raising the IQ: The Ramey and Haskins Study, Arthur R. Jensen (U of California, Berkeley) distinguishes between IQ measurement on tests & the general intelligence factor (g), & points out that raised intelligence-test scores are only meaningful if they signify substantial real-life r. He also distinguishes between individual & population gains. It is suggested that the g factor is not significantly affected by early cognitive intervention strategies. In Early Education, Intellectual Development, and School Performance: A Reply to Arthur Jensen and J. McVicker Hunt, Ramey & Haskins discuss the permanent effects of early education, assess the meaning of g, & present data on the IQ development through age 60 months of the children in the experimental group. 6 Tables, 1 Figure. D. Dunseath [The Sociological Abstracts database is now published by Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, who holds the copyright. 1999. All rights reserved.] ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles On the possibility of the reemergence of a dysgenic trend with respect to intelligence in American fertility differentials. 1982 Vining Drj The author "examines the relationship between IQ and fertility in a sample of men and women aged 25-34 as of the late 1970s. This sample is of unusual interest for two reasons: (1) it is a national probability sample, representative of the non-institutional civilian population of the U.S. as a wh... ( view more )ole, and (2) it is for a post-World War II cohort. Most previous studies of the IQ/fertility relationship have employed nationally unrepresentative samples of cohorts born in the pre-war period, 1910-1940. The bias, in both time and place, of the samples used in these studies has not been adequately grasped by those who cite them as evidence of a eugenic trend with respect to intelligence." It is hypothesized that persons with higher intelligence tend to have fertility equal to, if not exceeding, that of the population as a whole in periods of rising birth rates and that the opposite is true in periods of falling birth rates. This hypothesis is generally supported by the data set described above. Variations by sex and race are also examined. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Intelligence and fertility in the United States: 1912-1982. 1985 Jan-Mar M Van Court,F D Bean Results are presented for the 1st analysis of the relationship between IQ and completed fertility using a large, representative sample of the US population. Correlations are predominantly negative for cohorts born between 1894 and 1964 but are significantly more positive for cohorts whose fertilit... ( view more )y was concentrated in the baby boom years. Previous studies reporting slightly positive correlations appear to have been biased in their restriction of samples to atypical cohorts. The National Opinion Research Center (NORC), a nonprofit research organization affiliated with the University of Chicago, conducted the General Social Survey (GSS) in the US each year from 1972 to 1982, except for 1979. A combination of block quota and full probability sampling was employed. Hour-long interviews were completed with 12,120 respondents who were English-speaking, noninstitutionalized adults (18 years or older) living within the continental US. Such questions as age, place of birth, income and occupation, were asked in each interview. Other questions about attitudes on various social, political, and moral issues were rotated in different years. The unique opportunity this data set affords is an overview of the relationship between intelligence and fertility for a nationally representative sample of Americans whose major reproductive years fell between 1912 and 1982. Data were consolidated from the 4 surveys in which the vocabulary test was given (1974, 1976, 1978, and 1982). Respondents were divided into 15 birth cohorts of 5-year intervals ranging from before 1894 to 1964. Correlations between vocabulary scores and number of siblings are markedly negative across all 15 cohorts. Vocabulary sibling correlations are more negative in every cohort than vocabulary offspring correlations. Previous reports of a neutral or slightly eugenic relationship appear to be due to the nature of the samples used, in part because the cohorts chosen were atypical, and in part because they did not include nonwhites. Childless respondents averaged slightly higher scores than did those with 1 or more children, indicating that the automatic exclusion of the childless from sibling-IQ studies has not spuriously inflated negative correlations. ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Assessing absentmindedness: prospective memory complaint and impairment in middle-aged adults 2003 Mantyla, T. In two experiments, metamemorial differences between prospective and retrospective memory performance were examined. Participants in Experiment 1 were recruited through newspaper advertisements and comprised middle-aged women who experienced exceptional problems in prospective remembering. Experime... ( view more )nt 2 involved self-reporters and nonreporters of retrospective memory problems, who were selected from a large population-based sample of middle-aged adults. In both experiments, memory performance was assessed by using a variety of tasks, including five retrospective memory tasks and three prospective memory tasks that varied in level of realism and retrieval support. In both experiments, there were selective differences in memory performance, so that participants who experienced (retrospective or prospective) memory problems showed impaired performance in prospective, but not in retrospective, memory tasks. These findings suggest that memory for future intentions provides a more sensitive task criterion than does memory for past events for assessing individual differences in self-reports of episodic memory problems. Task-specific differences in reliance on frontally mediated executive processes might underlie these differences ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Dissociating retention and access in working memory: an age-comparative study of mental arithmetic 2001 Oberauer, K., Demmrich, A., Mayr, U., and Kliegl, R. In two experiments, young and older adults solved arithmetic chain tasks with single-digit operands, with or without a concurrent memory load of three or six digits. Variables in the arithmetic tasks had to be replaced by digits from the screen or from the memory set. A task-irrelevant concurrent l... ( view more )oad impaired neither speed nor accuracy of arithmetic in younger adults. In Experiment 2, this was also true for older adults. A large decrease in arithmetic performance was observed, however, when variables in the arithmetic task had to be substituted by digits from the memory list. Older adults had specific problems with this condition in Experiment 1, where the substitution involved two successive steps, but not in Experiment 2, where the substitution from memory could be done in a single step. The results are difficult to reconcile with models assuming a common resource for storage and processing. Rather, they are compatible with the hypothesis that a concurrent memory load interferes with a processing task only during the points of access to working memory. Further, even though access to working memory was found to be the critical source of concurrent-load interference, it was found to be insensitive to the effects of adult aging ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Memory for a staged criminal event witnessed live and on video 2003 Ihlebaek, C., Love, T., Eilertsen, D. E., and Magnussen, S. Memory for a staged robbery was tested in two groups of participants witnessing the event either live (n = 62) or on video (n = 64). Immediately after the event participants filled out a questionnaire probing memory with emphasis on the timing of the event and robber characteristics. The results sh... ( view more )owed that participants who watched a video recording of the event reported more details and with a higher accuracy than participants who were present on the scene, but the pattern of memory errors were similar in the two conditions. It is concluded that laboratory experiments may overestimate the memory of eyewitnesses but are otherwise able to simulate essential aspects of memory performance in naturalistic contexts ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Directed remembering: subliminal cues alter nonconscious memory strategies 2002 Mitchell, J. P., Macrae, C. N., Schooler, J. W., Rowe, A. C., and Milne, A. B. Much research on memory function has focused on changes in recognition performance brought about by differences in the processes engaged during encoding. In most of this work, participants either receive explicit instructions to remember particular items or they perform orienting (i.e., encoding) t... ( view more )asks that support different levels of memory performance. In daily life, however, the retention or dismissal of information often occurs without conscious intent, thereby suggesting an alternative, nonconscious route through which purposive remembering and forgetting can occur. Based on this line of reasoning, we speculated that recognition performance in a standard item-based forgetting paradigm may be moderated by subliminal cues that trigger the automatic activation of different mnemonic strategies. We report the results of two experiments that supported this prediction. In each experiment, the basic item-based forgetting effect was replicated, but via the subliminal presentation of "remember" and "forget" cues. In addition, cue-dependent differences in memory performance were traced to the operation of a covert rehearsal mechanism during encoding. We consider the implications of these findings for the non-conscious#10; operation of memory processes in everyday life ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles The properties of retention intervals and their affect on retaining prospective memories 2000 Hicks, J. L., Marsh, R. L., and Russell, E. J. Five experiments were conducted to explore how the character of the retention interval affected event-based prospective memory. According to the canons of retrospective memory, prospective performance should have been worse with increasing delays between intention formation and the time it was appr... ( view more )opriate to complete an action. That result did not occur. Rather, prospective memory was better with increasing retention intervals in Experiments 1A, 1B, and 3. In manipulating the nature of the retention interval, the authors found that there were independent contributions of retention interval length and the number of intervening activities, with more activities leading to better prospective memory (Experiments 2 and 3). The identical retention intervals did not improve retrospective memory in Experiment 4. Theoretical explanations for these dissociations between prospective and retrospective memory are considered ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Memory for memory 2001 Joslyn, S., Loftus, E., McNoughton, A., and Powers, J. Participants read short passages and 1 day later they answered questions via telephone about the passages (text facts) and about the experimental session (event facts). They were telephoned again 6 weeks later and answered the same questions about text and event facts. They also answered new questi... ( view more )ons about whether they remembered the answers they had given in the initial telephone interview (recall for prior memory performance). Although participants accurately remembered the majority of past memory successes, they were poor at remembering past memory failures. After being provided with the correct answer and tested again, the participants' performance improved somewhat, especially for memory failures. This suggests that some errors in recalling past forgetting might have been due to correctly remembering the answer previously given, but failing to realize that it had been wrong. These findings have implications for a variety of situations in which people are queried about past memory performance ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles A cross-modal weapon focus effect: The influence of a weapon's presence on memory for auditory information 2003 Pickel, K. L., French, T. A., and Betts, J. M. To examine whether a weapon's presence impairs witnesses' memory for auditory information (as it impairs memory for visual information), we conducted two experiments in which undergraduates watched one version of a videotape depicting a male target who held either a weapon or a neutral object and c... ( view more )onversed with a female character. The semantic content of his remarks was either easy or difficult to comprehend. The weapon's presence did not affect voice identification accuracy or memory for the target's vocal characteristics (e.g., pitch, loudness, speech rate) but did worsen memory for semantic content in the Difficult Comprehension condition. Our results can be explained by multiple resource models of attention, which propose separate resource "pools" for different sensory modalities ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Memory and judgment: availability versus explanation-based accounts 2000 Wolfe, M. B. and Pennington, N. Two theories about the relationship between memory and decisions are examined. In an explanation-based model, the organization in memory of decision-relevant information determines decisions. In an availability model, the amount of information sampled from memory that supports competing decisions i... ( view more )s crucial. In Experiment 1, subjects read evidence from a legal trial, made decisions, and provided free-recall data. Evidence presentation order was manipulated to produce differences in evidence coherence. When the prosecution evidence order was coherent, the subjects were more likely to choose guilty verdicts, and recall of prosecution evidence, relative to defense evidence, was greater. Thus, both evidence coherence and availability of information in memory could account for the basic findings. In Experiment 2, recall differences were eliminated as a function of evidence order. The results show that verdict effects favoring the more coherent prosecution evidence are obtained even when the relative amounts of prosecution and defense recall are equated across conditions ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Assessment of long-term verbal memory in children 1994 Beardsworth, E. and Bishop, D. This study was designed to evaluate the use of a Paired Associate Learning Test (PALT) and a Story Recall test with children aged from 8 to 12 years. 46 normal control children and 19 children of low ability were given the PALT from the Wechsler Memory Scale, and a story recall task, based on Wechs... ( view more )ler's Logical Memory subtest, but using stories designed to be suitable for children. Performance on PALT approached ceiling levels for the control children. Both PALT and story recall were more strongly correlated with measures of verbal ability than with digit span. Reliable measures of immediate story recall can be obtained using two or three stories. Many children who are unable to recall a story after a 45 minute delay show dramatic improvement when given a single cue, and it is argued that cued delayed recall gives a better index of long-term memory than uncued recall. Correlations between immediate recall and cued delayed recall are high, and the data presented here may be used to compute a forgetting score which takes into account the level of immediate recall. In the sample seen here, rate of forgetting was remarkably constant across individuals, in both normal and low ability individuals. It is concluded that memory deficits affecting rate of forgetting are rare, but that the test materials described here could be useful for identifying such disorders in children with neurological impairments ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details   Related Articles Retrieval latency and "at-risk" memories 2000 Madigan, S., Neuse, J., and Roeber, U. Does retrieval latency reflect variations in the strength of associations in episodic memory? In three experiments, subjects were given a single study and test trial on each of five lists of 10 paired associates. Spoken recall latencies were measured. When the subjects were later given a second tes... ( view more )t, initial recall latency was systematically related to intertest retention--that is, the faster the initial correct recall of a pair, the more likely a pair was to be recalled at the second test. This effect occurred at retention intervals of 5 min, 30 min, and 24 h and was present in the data for individual subjects. The results are consistent with the classical view of latency as a measure of trace strength and stand in sharp contrast with results reported by Benjamin, Bjork, and Schwartz (1998) that showed that fast retrievals from semantic memory were more poorly retained than slower ones ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Distributing working memory resources during problem solving 2001 Cary, M. and Carlson, R. A. This study examines how problem solvers distribute working memory demands over internal and external resources. Participants recorded notes while performing an arithmetic task. They recorded a majority of intermediate results and labeled many of those results (e.g., "C = 10"). When more effort was ... ( view more )required to take notes, participants recorded fewer results. Participants with a consistent goal structure recorded fewer results and with practice labeled fewer recorded results than those with varied goal structures. When notes were displayed in a consistent spatial arrangement participants labeled fewer recorded results than when notes appeared in varied locations. These findings indicate that individuals use explicit and implicit strategies for indexing intermediate results. The data support the view that individuals flexibly distribute working memory over internal and external resources in response to situational cost-benefit considerations ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Parallel memory retrieval in dual-task situations: II. Episodic memory 2001 Logan, G. D. and Delheimer, J. A. Three experiments asked whether subjects could retrieve information from a 2nd stimulus while they retrieved information from a 1st stimulus. Subjects performed recognition judgments on each of 2 words that followed each other by 0, 250, and 1,000 ms (Experiment 1) or 0 and 300 ms (Experiments 2 an... ( view more )d 3). In each experiment, reaction time to both stimuli was faster when the 2 stimuli were both targets (on the study list) or both lures (not on the study list) than when 1 was a target and the other was a lure. Each experiment found priming from the 2nd stimulus to the 1st when both stimuli were targets. Reaction time to the 1st stimulus was faster when the 2 targets came from the same memory structure at study (columns in Experiment 1; pairs in Experiment 2; sentences in Experiment 3) than when they came from different structures. This priming is inconsistent with discrete serial retrieval and consistent with parallel retrieval ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles (-)-9-Dehydrogalanthaminium bromide, a new cholinesterase inhibitor, enhances place and object recognition memory in young and old rats 2003 Lamirault, L., Guillou, C., Thal, C., and Simon, H. In a previous study, we showed that (-)-9-dehydrogalanthaminium bromide, a synthetic galanthamine derivative, was more potent than galanthamine in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. We studied here the action of this new compound on recognition memory in young and old rats, using a two-trial recognit... ( view more )ion task designed to test both place and object recognition. (-)-9-dehydrogalanthaminium bromide was injected (0.3, 1, and 3mg/kg, i.p.) in young and old rats before the acquisition phase, immediately after it, or before the retrieval phase of the task, in order to determine the stage of information processing affected by the compound. (-)-9-dehydrogalanthaminium bromide improved both place and object recognition in young rats, via an enhancement of acquisition (3mg/kg: place recognition; 1 and 3mg/kg: object recognition) and consolidation (1 and 3mg/kg) information processing. In old rats, (-)-9-dehydrogalanthaminium bromide improved performance by acting on the acquisition processes of place (0.3, 1, and 3mg/kg) and object (1 and 3mg/kg) recognition. These results provide information on the profile of activity of (-)-9-dehydrogalanthaminium bromide on memory processes, and suggest that this new compound could have utility in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction occurring in Alzheimer's disease or in the normal course of aging. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles When a lie becomes the truth: the effects of self-generated misinformation on eyewitness memory 2004 Pickel, K. L. This research investigated whether generating misinformation impairs memory for actual information. After watching a videotaped robbery, some witnesses were interviewed about it, but others did not rehearse the event details. One week later, the witnesses tried to remember the robber's appearance. ... ( view more )In Experiment 1, those who fabricated a description of the robber during the interview and those who did not rehearse remembered fewer correct details than did truthful witnesses or those who fabricated about another person. Witnesses who fabricated about the robber also reported more incorrect details than did truthful or non-interviewed witnesses. In Experiment 2, witnesses who fabricated about the robber performed as poorly on the memory test as did witnesses who answered interview questions using false information prepared for them. In both experiments deceptive witnesses sometimes reported invented details on the memory test, suggesting that they may have come to believe some fabrications ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles The reminiscence circumplex and autobiographical memory functions 2003 Webster, J. D. This study investigated the potential of a circumplex model to represent the functions of both reminiscence and autobiographical memory. Participants from four pre-existing data bases (i.e., Culley, LaVoie, & Gfeller, 2001; Webster, 1997, 2002; Webster & McCall, 1999) were combined, resulting in a ... ( view more )total of 985 participants ranging in age from 17 to 96 (M age = 36.63 years). A total of 392 men (39.8%) and 591 women (60.1%), with two persons not reporting their gender, completed the Reminiscence Functions Scale (RFS) as part of the original four studies. The eight RFS factors were submitted to second-order factor analysis resulting in two orthogonal dimensions (self versus social and reactive/loss-oriented versus proactive/growth-oriented) accounting for 79.57% of the variance. Further, multidimensional scaling indicated that the original eight factors could be arranged in a circular fashion such that more closely related (i.e., more highly correlated) factors were placed closer together while factors less highly related were placed further apart. Advantages of a circumplex perspective for future theory and model development are illustrated ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Characteristics of proper names and temporal memory of social news events 2001 Kogure, T., Hatta, T., Kawakami, A., Kawaguchi, J., and Makino, T. Long-term memory of social news events was investigated by means of a questionnaire methodology with a large sample of participants. In Experiment 1, a total of 501 university students were asked to give proper names (i.e., persons and places) that related to a certain news event, and to estimate t... ( view more )he date of the event. The accuracy of proper names (especially person names) was superior to that of estimated date (i.e., year). In addition, telescoping effects were found in the events that occurred more than 3 years ago, but time expansion effects emerged in the events that occurred less than 2 years ago. In Experiment 2, in which 182 students participated, the accuracy of proper names and the date estimates tended to be high on the events that participants judged to be given frequent exposure by the mass media. Based on these results, we discuss long-term memory and temporal schemata regarding social news events ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles ROC curves and confidence judgements in recognition memory 2000 Van, ZandtT Most models of recognition memory rely on a strength/familiarity-based signal detection account that assumes that the processes giving rise to a confidence judgment are the same as those giving rise to an old-new decision. Confidence is assumed to be scaled directly from the perceived familiarity o... ( view more )f a probe. This assumption was tested in 2 experiments that examine the shape of confidence-based z receiver operating characteristic (zROC) curves under different levels of response bias induced by changing stimulus probabilities (Experiment 1) and payoffs (Experiment 2). Changes in the shape of the zROC curves with bias indicate that confidence is not scaled directly from perceived familiarity or likelihood. A model of information accumulation in recognition memory is proposed that can account for the observed effects ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Misleading postevent information and flashbulb memories 2003 Niedzwienska, A. The aim of this study was to create the conditions of a real discussion concerning the past in an experimental setting and examine their effect on subsequent recollections of important autobiographical events. A total of 55 adults described two episodes twice. The first episode was a typical news r... ( view more )eception event and the second one represented a private event of particular personal significance. In between the two recall sessions, participants from the experimental group viewed two films. The first was a short televised account of the two events; the second was a corresponding videotaped description of the personal experiences of a middle-aged man. In addition, participants were asked to imagine what he had been talking about. Most of the participants from the experimental group incorporated elements of the man's description into their own subsequent accounts. In spite of this, they rated the accuracy of their post-test memories as very high. The implications for understanding distortion mechanisms in flashbulb memories are discussed ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Serial position effects in recognition memory for odors 2000 Reed, P. Five experiments examined recognition memory for sequentially presented odors. Participants were presented with a sequence of odors and then had to identify an odor from the list in a test probe containing 2 odors. All experiments demonstrated enhanced recognition of odors presented at the start an... ( view more )d end of a series, compared with those presented in the middle of the series when a 3-s retention interval between list termination and test was used. In Experiments 2 and 3, when a 30-s or 60-s retention interval was used, participants performed at slightly lower levels, although the serial position function was similar to that obtained with the 3-s retention interval. These results were noted with a 5-item (Experiments 1 and 4), 7-item (Experiment 2), 6-item (Experiment 3), and 4-item (Experiment 5) list of odors. As the number of test trials increased, recognition performance decreased, indicating a strong role for olfactory fatigue or interference in these procedures. A verbal suppression task, used in Experiments 4 and 5, had little influence on serial-position-based performance ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Impulsive decision making and working memory 2003 Hinson, J. M., Jameson, T. L., and Whitney, P. Decision making that favors short-term over long-term consequences of action, defined as impulsive or temporally myopic, may be related to individual differences in the executive functions of working memory (WM). In the first 2 experiments, participants made delay discounting (DD) judgments under d... ( view more )ifferent WM load conditions. In a 3rd experiment, participants high or low on standardized measures of imupulsiveness and dysexecutive function were asked to make DD judgments. A final experiment examined WM load effects on DD when monetary rewards were real rather than hypothetical. The results showed that higher WM load led to greater discounting of delayed monetary rewards. Further, a strong direct relation was found between measures of impulsiveness, dysexecutive function,and discounting of delayed rewards. Thus, limits on WM function, either intrinsic or extrinsic, are predictive of a more impulsive decision-making style ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Memory for Star Trek: the role of prior knowledge in recognition revisited 2002 Long, D. L. and Prat, C. S. Prior studies have found robust knowledge effects on recall of text ideas but have seldom found comparable effects on recognition. This inconsistency was examined in light of recent research on the component processes that underlie recognition memory. Using the remember/know paradigm, the authors f... ( view more )ound that experts made more remember judgments than novices, but only in response to text ideas relevant to their domain of expertise. Using the process-dissociation procedure, the authors found knowledge effects on recollection estimates, but not on familiarity estimates. The authors contend that knowledge effects have been difficult to detect in recognition because knowledge primarily affects recollection, whereas familiarity gives rise to good performance even among novices ( view less ) View Full Abstract View Article Details View Coded Data Related Articles Page 1 of 1000 1 2 3 4 > Last >> (25000 articles found)

      
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